Evaluation of Recruitment and Selection Process †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Recruitment and Selection Process. Answer: Introduction The term job analysis can be explained as the process in which identification and determination of a job are done on the details of the duties and requirement of a job. Job analysis process explains the role or importance of the duties and requirement for the job. An in-depth investigation is done with a motive to control the output. Job analysis forms a base for taking a decision regarding the compensation package and incentives for a job position offered to an individual (Goffin, et. al., 2011). This report will discuss the concept of job analysis process along with the review of the job analysis process adopted by the organisation. There are various issues which can affect the job analysis process of the organisation. These issues can be related to management, employees or other stakeholders of the business. This report will discuss the management related issues affecting the designing of the job analysis process and manner in which these management issues can be dealt. Recommendations will be provided for enhancing the job analysis process of the organisation. According to Cucina, et. al. (2012), job analysis process is being used by the organisation for gathering information regarding the duties, responsibilities, outcomes, skills required and environment of the work for a particular job. Job analysis process helps in estimating the worth of a specific job, optimum utilisation of the human talent, developing realistic measurement standards for measuring performance and elimination of the unwanted jobs. Job analysis process has been formulated by the organisation for ensuring that job requirements and worth of the job is properly and effectively analysed. The organisation is conducting the job analysis process in a logical manner for ensuring the attainment of the objectives of the business. The job analysis process formulated and followed by the organisation contains different stages (Waters, et. al., 2017). The reason behind the selection of a multi-stage job analysis process is for the appropriate management and adopting professional psychometric practices. Different job analysis methods have been used for enhancing the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. During the review of the job analysis process, few issues have been identified which have affected the process. For the purpose of dealing with these issues, there is a need to adopt strategies or measures. This review process has been initiated with the motive to identify these issues affecting the job analysis process (Saif, et. al., 2013). Review of the job analysis process is discussed below: Formulation of plans for the job analysis: for the analysis of the jobs, there is a need to formulate plans and these plans need to be formulated before initiating the process of data collection. The organisation has placed its focus on the identification of the objectives of the job analysis. Objectives have helped in updating the description of the job in a better manner. This has helped the company in the revision of the compensation programs (Quinn, 2014). Job analysis process has helped the organisation by changing the structure of the different parts of the organisation for matching with the strategies of the business. Support from the different stakeholders has been raised which would affect the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. The focus of this stage of the job analysis process was on identification of the objectives of the job analysis and obtaining support from the top management (Armstrong, 2010). Preparation and introduction of job analysis: preparation starts with the identification of the jobs which are under review process. Analysis of the different jobs is done separately so as to maintain the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. Different job analysis methods have been selected which have been used for the analysis of the job and its worth. These methods include observation method, interview method, questionnaire method, critical incident method and work sampling (Cottrell, 2012). This stage of the process defines the manner in which managers will participate in the job analysis process and consideration of the number of employees required for performing the job. Another aspect which is included in this stage of the process is a review of the existing documentation process of the organisation. This has saved the time and efforts of the later stages of the process. The focus of this stage is on the identification of the jobs and methodology, revi ewing the existing job documentation and communicating the process to the managers and employees of the organisation (Blume, et. al., 2010). Execution of the job analysis: after completing the planning process, analysis of the job is done. Data collected has been reviewed for analysing the completeness and has been followed with additional interview and questions which have been answered by the managers and employees. The focus of this stage of the process is on collecting data of job analysis and reviewing and complying the data collected. The questionnaire has been followed by a letter which has explained the process and instructions for the completion and returning the questionnaires of the job analysis. Adequate time has been allocated for the purpose of gathering information from the managers and employees of the organisation. The questionnaire has been used for the purpose of returning the reviews to managers from employees (Bodnarchuk, 2012). Development of job descriptions and specifications of the jobs: in this stage of the job analysis process, description and specification of the jobs have been prepared. The motive behind the preparation of this draft containing the description and specifications of the job is to complete the draft and ensuring that additional clarification areas are identified in an effective manner. It was ensured while constructing the job analysis process that the managers and employees are involved in this process (Sanchez Levine, 2009). Focus while constructing the job analysis process is essential. Focus of the organisation was on maintaining consistency in the formats and details for matching with the legal aspects. The reason behind not involving the managers and employees in this process is chances of biasedness while constructing the process. This initiative has helped in constructing a better job analysis process. After preparation of the process, it could have been analysed by the manage rs but it was not. It has affected the understanding level of the managers and employees regarding the job description and specifications (York, 2010). Management and up-dation of the job descriptions and specifications of the job: this is the last stage of the process. The focus of this stage was on developing a system for the purpose of keeping the process current, updated and complying with the changes taking place in the industry or legal aspects related to the job. Due to the lack of development of a proper system for keeping the process current updated, the organisation has to repeat the entire process for several years. The dynamic environment has resulted in a change in the jobs in the organisation which has affected the job analysis process adopted by the organisation. Another reason is a change in the technology used or methods used for the job analysis process. A specific person in the HR department of the organisation was not responsible for making sure that the descriptions and job specifications are current and updated (ORourke, 2010). Management issues which need to be considered while designing the job analysis process There are different issues which the organisation is facing while conducting the designing of the job analysis process of the organisation. These issues are related to the management of the organisation, employees of the organisation, change in the business environment and biasedness. These issues affect the job analysis process as well as the performance of the employees and organisation. These issues can result in an increase in misunderstanding among the employees, ineffective job analysis process and lack of clarity among the employees regarding the job (SRR, 2014). Management issues which have been faced by the organisation include lack of support from the management of the organisation due to lack of proper communication, lack of proper knowledge and skills required for the designing of the job analysis process and lack of attention to the designing process of the job analysis process. These issues have affected the designing process of the job analysis process and resulted in developing a less effective job analysis process. These issues have decreased the quality of job analysis process of the business due to which the operations of the organisation are getting affected (Henderson Smith, 2009). Lack of support from the management of the organisation is one of the most important issues related to the management. Support of management is required for ensuring that proper communication the information related to the job analysis process with the managers and employees. Lack of coordination, communication and support affects the output and productivity of the employees as well as organisation. Miscommunication due to lack of support from the management can affect the flow of information between the management and employees. For the purpose of avoiding these types of circumstances, there is a need to communicate in an effective manner with the employees and managers. Job analysis process needs to be analysed by the management on regular intervals for ensuring that effective process has been developed. Lack of support can result in an increase in dependence on the analyst and wrong decisions may get made due to overburden and to finish the designing process of the job analysis pr ocess (Shibly, 2011). Lack of required skills and knowledge among the management regarding the manner in which job analysis process is designed is another issue which needs to be dealt in a proper manner. Skills and knowledge are required for designing an effective job analysis process for the organisation. The absence of these skills and knowledge affects the execution process of the job analysis process. Management plays a vital role in analysing the worth of the jobs and preparing description and specifications. For meeting this objective or role, management needs to develop the skills and knowledge for analysing the worth of the job. Lack of knowledge and skills among the management results in an increase in the dependence on the analyst which can be biased and take decisions for its self-interest. Information or data need to be gathered for the analysis of the worth of the job. Lack of skills and knowledge can affect the data collection process and relationship with the employees of the organisation (Karikari, et. al., 2015). Lack of attention on the part of management to the designing process of the job analysis process is a major issue which affects the effectiveness of the job analysis process as well as increases the cost, time and efforts involved in making amendments in the job analysis process. On the behalf of management, proper attention is required for the analysis process of the worth of the different jobs in an organisation. Performance of the organisation is dependent on the jobs and the manner these jobs are being performed. Lack of attention can result in designing the job analysis process without proper methods and research for gathering data. It can affect the whole process at large as the effectiveness of the process will get affected. Management needs to give proper attention to the process and different stages of the process for overcoming the shortfalls and challenges faced (Antonu, 2010). Manner in which management issues will be dealt In this report, three management related issues affecting the designing process of the job analysis has been discussed. The impact these management related issues can be on the job roles defined, objectives of the business, the performance of the business, the productivity of every employee, the relationship between the management and employees, communication process used for sharing information between management and employees and increase in chances of theft or fraud. All these consequences are the result of management issues faced during the designing phase of the job analysis process. Lack of support from the management of the organisation for designing the job analysis process can result in the development of an ineffective job analysis process. Performance of the employees and organisation is dependent on the job description and specifications specified in the job analysis process on the basis of which worth of the job is analysed (Nagendra Deshpande, 2014). Lack of attention to the designing phase of the job analysis process can affect the job description and specifications described for the job. Other employees may take advantage of the lack of attention on the part of the management of the organisation. It is essential to develop the skills and knowledge among the management regarding the role of job analysis process. These skills and knowledge are used for the purpose of designing an effective job analysis process. The analyst may not perform the duties assigned to it for designing the job analysis process due to lack of control over the management of the organisation. Few techniques or measures need to be adopted for ensuring that these management issues are not affecting the job analysis process and its effectiveness. Measures which can be adopted by the organisation include conducting training sessions, implementation of an effective communication process, assigning authorities for getting the tasks done and regular review of the job analysis process (SHRM, 2012). Training sessions will help in enhancing the knowledge and skills of the management as well as help in focusing on the designing phase of the job analysis process. The training session will help the management in being attentive to the process for ensuring that job analysis process is designed properly. This will help the organisation in reducing the cost as well as the time involved in the process. Communication process needs to be developed which will help the management in communicating with each other. Communication will enhance the flow of information and help the organisation in gathering quality data related to the analysis of the worth of the job. Communication process will reduce the chances of errors or frauds by effective sharing of the information among the organisation (Sinha Thaly, 2013). Tasks or duties need to be divided and assigned to every individual for ensuring that the jobs are done in an effective manner without any delay. This action will fix the responsibility of the members of management towards the organisation. It is vital to set examples for the employees for motivating them. Management can set examples for gaining the support of the employees and motivating them. This approach will encourage the employees to provide their support for designing the job analysis process. A regular check must be kept for ensuring that every member of the management is performing the tasks assigned in an effective manner and being attentive for meeting the targets set. Corrective actions can be taken within the reasonable time for maintaining the effectiveness of the job analysis process (Ekwoaba, et. al., 2015). Recommendations for enhancing the process Few recommendations have been made for enhancing the effectiveness of the process. These recommendations are stated below: Job descriptions and specifications have to be updated as per the requirements of the changing aspects of the business environment. This up-dation needs to be done before starting the recruitment and selection process. Different changes are taking place in the business environment and these changes have the potential to create an impact on the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. Adopting this recommendation will help the organisation in ensuring that the process is updated as per the changing aspects of the business and not creating any harm to the process and its effectiveness. It will also reduce the efforts and cost of the company as there is no need to develop a new job analysis process for the company (Beck, et. al., 2016). Responsibility for maintaining the job analysis process as per the current needs and updated needs to be assigned to an individual so as to ensure that the individual is set accountable for the responsibility assigned to it. In the case of an organisation, this responsibility was not assigned to a single individual due to which the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation has got affected at large. The periodical review should be done of the jobs for analysing the requirement to change the specifications and description of the job. This approach will help in performing the jobs and roles and responsibilities attached to the job in a better manner. The periodical review will help the organisation in ensuring the changing roles are being performed by the employees in an effective way for the attainment of the objectives of the organisation (Morgeson, et. al., 2016). Managers need to be involved in the review of the draft of the job analysis process for ensuring that the managers are aware of the roles and responsibilities attached to the job. This approach will help the managers in developing understanding among the employees of the organisation. Managers will ensure that the employees have proper knowledge of the role they have to fulfil. It must be ensured that employees are fulfilling the requirements of the job defined in the job analysis process of the organisation. Managers will take a decision whether to get the review of the job analysis process done by the employee or not or if yes, then when and how. Employee participation and communication will be promoted by this approach as managers and employees will be engaged in the framing of the process of the organisation (Crowell, et. al., 2011). Conclusion Information is gathered and analysed regarding the content collected for designing the job analysis process. Job analysis process is an important aspect for every organisation as on the basis of the job analysis, information related to the job is provided, helps in effectual hiring purpose, helpful in construction of the combination of job-employee, observing the methods used for performance assessment and appraisal, determination of the worth of the job for estimating compensation for the job and helping in the process of analysis of the requirements of instruction and process. All these aspects help in describing the role of job analysis process or reason behind the use of job analysis in the organisation. This report has discussed the review of the job analysis process adopted by the organisation for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the job analysis process. It has also discussed the management related issues which are affecting the effectiveness of the job analysis process adopted by the organisation. Measures or ways have been discussed which can help in dealing with the management related issues. This report also covers the recommendations for enhancing the effectiveness of the job analysis process. References Antonu, E. (2010). Career Planning Process and Its Role in Human Resource Development. Annals of the University of Petro?ani, Economics, 10(2), 13-22. Armstrong, M. (2010). Handbook on Human Resource Management Practices. 11th ed. London: Kogan Page Publisher. Beck, B., Billing, D. C. Carr, A. J. (2016). Developing physical and physiological employment standards: Translation of job analysis findings to assessments and performance standards A systematic review.International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics,56, 9-16. Blume, B. D., Balswin, T. T. Dreher, G. F. (2010). Examining the Effects of Communication ApprehensioWithin Assessment Centres. Journal of Occupational and Organisational Psychology, 83(3), pp. 663-671. Bodnarchuk, M. (2012). The Role of Job Descriptions and Competencies in an International Organization. Savonia University Of Applied Sciencesthesis. Cottrell, T. (2012). Interviewing efficiencies or interviewing efficiently?. The Bottom Line, 25(3), pp. 102-106. Crowell, C., Hantula, D. Mcarthur, K. (2011). From Job Analysis to Performance Management: A Synergistic Rapprochement to Organizational Effectiveness.Journal of Organizational Behavior Management,31(4), 316-332. Cucina, J., Martin, N., Vasilopoulos, N., Thibodeuax, H. (2012). Self-Serving Bias Effects on Job Analysis Ratings.The Journal of Psychology,146(5), 511-531. Ekwoaba, J. O., Ikeije, U.U. Ufoma, N. (2015). The Impact of Recruitment And Selection Criteria On Organizational Performance. Global Journal of Human Resource Management, 3(2), pp.22-33. Goffin, R. D., Rothstein, M. G., Rieder, M. J., Poole, A., Krajewski, H. T., Powell, D. M., Blake J. R., Boyd, A. Mestdagh, T. (2011). Choosing job-related personality traits: Developing valid personality-oriented job analysis.Personality and Individual Differences,51(5), 646-651. Henderson, J. P. Smith, D. (2009). Job/practice analysis. Washington, DC: Institute for Credentialing Excellence. Karikari, A.F., Boateng, P.A. Ocansey, E. O. N. D. (2015). The Role of Human Resource Information System in the Process of Manpower Activities. American Journal of Industrial and Business Management, 5, 424-431. Morgeson, F., Spitzmuller, M., Garza, A. Campion, M. (2016). Pay Attention! The Liabilities of Respondent Experience and Carelessness When Making Job Analysis Judgments.Journal of Management,42(7), 1904-1933. Nagendra, A. Deshpande, M. (2014). Human Resource Information Systems (HRIS) in HR planning and development in mid to large sized organizations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 133, 61 67. ORourke, R. E. (2010). The Achieve Program: A Needs Assessment and Job Analysis for Human Resource Development. Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Quinn, D. (2014). An evaluation of the recruitment and selection process employed by Manufacturing Company X and assessing whether a more advanced process or method of recruitment and selection may reduce staff turnover. National College of Ireland. Saif, N., Khan, M. S., Rehman, K., Rehman, S. U., Rehman, Z. U., Nawa, T. Naqeeb, M. (2013). Competency based Job Analysis. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, 3(1), 105111. Sanchez, J. I. Levine, E. L. (2009). What is (or should be) the difference between competency modeling and traditional job analysis?. Human Resource Management Review, 19(2), 53-63. Shibly, H. (2011). Human Resources Information Systems Success Assessment: An Integrative Model. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 5, 157-169. SHRM. (2012). Job Analysis: How do I conduct a job analysis to ensure the job description actually matches the duties performed by the employee in the job?. SHRM. Sinha, V. Thaly, P. (2013). A review on changing trend of recruitment practice to enhance the quality of hiring in global organizations. Management, 18(2), 141-156. SRR. (2014). Request for Proposal. SRR. Waters, L. D., Mironova, O. Stobinski, J. X. (2017). The Many Potential Uses for a Job Analysis.Journal of the Association for Vascular Access,22(3), 124-128. York, K. M. (2010). Applied human resource management: Strategic issues and experiential exercises. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

The Tragedy of Macbeth Essay Summary Example For Students

The Tragedy of Macbeth Essay Summary Macbeth is a story about Good versus Evil on one mans mind. It is a tail about how a brave and intelligent man deliberately murders one of his fellowmen: his friend, his relative, his guest, and his king; as a consequence of his first murder, kill two other innocent men. Macbeth has lust for power and brings absolute destruction on himself and his family. When he cannot turn away from his evil course, it leads him to further appalling crimes and finally to disgrace, alienation, isolation, despair, and a violent death. In Act, one Scene 3, three witches are talking to Macbeth. Macbeth is not quite sure what to think of these prophesies-whether they are good or bad-and struggles with their possible significance. At this point in the play, Macbeth is good nature and finds his thoughts of murder. His mind focuses less on the reality of the present and focuses more on the possibilities of the future, thus his ambition takes over and becomes the single driving force in his life. Macbeths conscious is raising serious doubts as to whether or not he should kill Duncan. We will write a custom essay on The Tragedy of Macbeth Summary specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He is worried not only that he may make a mistake and ruin his chance of attaining the throne, but also that Duncans virtues arouse so much pity that damnation will come upon his murderer. Macbeth is definitely not comfortable with killing Duncan. Finally, he recognizes his ambition, and the fact that it may cause him to falter. Act two Scene 1 Macbeths inner struggle and mental anguish is so great that he is now hallucinating, as he sees a dagger before him. He realizes that this dagger is a product of his feverish mind. At this point in the play, evil thoughts and deeds horrify Macbeth. This is shown when the imagined dagger returns, with blood on it. Lady Macbeth says that the alcohol that made the attendants drunk has given her courage. Omens of death wish the king a good night, and Macbeth is going to kill him, as the drunken attendants are unconscious. When Macbeth shows up, she is afraid they woke up and it did not work. She would have done it if Duncan did not look like her fate. Macbeth did it though (killed him). One attendant woke up and said Murder but then they went back to sleep. In Act IV, Scene 2 Lady Macduff is wondering why her husband left. She thinks he was mad, looking like a traitor, loveless and cowardly to leave his family and possessions. Ross tries to comfort her, telling her he knows what is wrong at that moment. Lady Macduff has an interesting conversation with her son Sirrah about what they will do without a father. The messenger tells her to leave, that she is in danger. Lady Macduff does not know where to go, and she has done no wrong. As she realizes that doing well is sometimes a bad thing. The murderers arrive kill the son, but Lady Macduff escapes. Act V, Scene 3 Macbeth is wondering how the prophecy will come true, and tries to remain confident. Macbeth comforts his servant for seeming afraid but is told of the English forces. Macbeth tells Seyton this revolt will either remove or leave him happy, as right now he has none of things due a man of old age. Macbeth asks for his armor, planning to defend himself to the end. Macbeth asks the doctor to cure his wife. The doctor wishes he were not there. Malcolm hopes to regain the safety they once had. Menteith is sure it will happen. Malcolm tells each soldier to cut down a large tree branch and put it in front of him, thereby camouflaging himself. The scouts will think there are less of them that way. Macbeth waits in his castle, his only hope of defense. Though they have hopes of what they want to accomplish, now is the time for actual blows and battle to win. Macbeth says let them come to the castle; he can hold them off. If they did not have his soldiers, then he could have met them on the field and beat them back. .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .postImageUrl , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:hover , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:visited , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:active { border:0!important; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:active , .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8b6aaa3f8f29902a7a2a084020ff66ed:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Much Ado About Nothing - Do Men In The Play Hate Or Love The Women? EssayMacbeth has forgotten what it is like to be afraid; having as much fear as a man can bear. Macbeth wishes his wife had died later, at a better time. He comments on how life passes at this little speed, with people dying after a futile life. Macbeth says the messenger comes to speak. He should give his report quickly. The messenger, unsure of how to report what he saw, says Birnham wood appeared to move, thus the prophecy is fulfilled. Macbeth starts wishing this were just all over and prepares for death fighting. Macbeth knows he is stuck fighting, and he wonders who was not born of woman. Macbeth tell Young Siward who he is, and Macbeth says he should be not just hateful but fearful to Young Siwards ears. Macbeth says he does not fear any not of woman born and kills Young Siward. Macduff says he must kill Macbeth to avenge his family, and only Macbeth. By the noise of Macbeths armor, he locates him. Siward explains the battle is easy. Malcolm enters the castle. Macbeth asks why he should kill himself when the wounds he might inflict upon himself would look better upon his living enemies. Macbeth says he has avoided Macduff and does not want to kill him after killing his family. Macduff says he will speak with his sword instead of words. Macbeth says that Macduff will not hurt him. Macduff then reveals that he was ripped from his mothers womb while she died. Macbeth is angry to discover that the prophecy will come true and only provided him false hope. Macduff tells him to give up and explains he will be put on a pole and displays as a tyrant. Macbeth says he will try despite the prophecy rather than yield to Malcolm. Malcolm wishes no one had to die, but Siward says it is necessary and the cost was not that high for such a good day. Ross tells Siward that Young Siward, who just became a man in fighting, died. He tells him not to have sorrow, though. Siward says he died well. Macduff hails Malcolm as king holding Macbeths head. Although Macbeth started out as a good character evil became a factor. He listens to the prophecy and not to his heart, which lead him in the wrong direction. Power is a big factor through the whole play. That is all the characters fight about, and in the end, Malcolm becomes king and Macbeth losses his head. Therefore, which is more important, power or your life That is for you to decide.

5 Words That Dont Mean What You Think They Mean

5 Words That Don't Mean What You Think They Mean You keep using that word, Inigo Montoya says to Vizzini in The Princess Bride. I do not think it means what you think it means. The word that Vizzini so frequently misuses in the film is inconceivable. But its not hard to imagine other words that hold different meanings for different people. Meanings that may even be contradictory- literally so. Of course, its not unusual for word meanings to change  over time. Some words (such as nice, which once meant silly or ignorant) even reverse their connotations. Whats especially intriguing- and often perplexing- is to observe such changes in our own time. To show you what we mean, lets take a look at five words that may not mean what you think they mean: literally, fulsome, ravel, peruse, and plethora. Literally Meaningless? In contrast to  figuratively, the adverb literally means in a literal or strict sense- word for word. But many speakers have a habit of using the word quite unliterally as an intensifier. Take this example from a speech given by former Vice President Joe Biden: The next president of the United States is going to be delivered to the most significant moment in American history since Franklin Roosevelt. He will have such an incredible opportunity not only to change the direction of America but literally, literally to change the direction of the world.(Senator Joseph Biden, speaking in Springfield, Illinois, August 23, 2008) Although most dictionaries recognize the contrary uses of the word, many usage authorities (and SNOOTs) argue that the hyperbolic sense of literally has eroded its literal meaning. Full of Fulsome If your boss showers you with fulsome praise, dont presume that a promotion is in the works. Understood in its traditional sense of offensively flattering or insincere, fulsome has decidedly negative connotations. But in recent years, fulsome has picked up the more complimentary meaning of full, generous, or abundant. So is one definition more correct or appropriate than the other?Guardian Style (2007), the usage guide for writers on Englands Guardian newspaper, describes fulsome as another example of a word that is almost never used correctly. The adjective means cloying, excessive, disgusting by excess, says editor David Marsh, and is not, as some appear to believe, a clever word for full.Nevertheless, both senses of the word appear regularly in the pages of the Guardian- and just about everywhere else. Tributes, praise, and apologies are often characterized as fulsome without a hint of sarcasm or ill will. But in a book review for The Independent in which Jan Morris described the mistress of Lord Nelson as grotesque, obese and fulsome, we sense she had in mind the older meaning of the word. Having it both ways can lead to confusion. When an economics reporter for Time magazine recalls fulsome times, does he simply mean a prosperous era or is he passing judgment on an age of self-indulgent excess? As for the New York Times writer who gushed over a building with great banks of metal windows, set in a rich screen of glazed terra cotta, particularly fulsome on the second floor, exactly what he meant is anybodys guess. Unraveling the Meaning of Raveling If the verb  unravel means to unknot, unscramble, or untangle, its only logical to assume that ravel must mean the opposite- to tangle or complicate. Right?Well, yes and no. You see, ravel is both an antonym and a synonym for unravel. Derived from the Dutch word for a loose thread, ravel can mean either to tangle or untangle, to complicate or clarify. That makes ravel an example of a Janus word- a word (like sanction or wear) that has opposite or contradictory meanings.And that probably helps to explain why ravel is so rarely used: you never know if its coming together or falling apart. Perusing a New Janus Word Another Janus word is the verb  peruse. Since the Middle Ages, peruse has meant to read or examine, usually with great care: perusing a document means studying it carefully. Then a funny thing happened. Some people starting using peruse as a synonym for skim or scan or read quickly- the opposite of its traditional meaning. Most editors still reject this novel usage, dismissing it (in Henry Fowlers phrase) as a slipshod extension- that is, stretching a word beyond its conventional meanings.But keep an eye on your dictionary, for as weve seen, this is one of the ways in which language changes. If enough people continue to stretch the meaning of peruse, the inverted definition may eventually supplant the traditional one. A Plethora of Piatas In this scene from the 1986 film  ¡Three Amigos!,  the villainous character El Guapo is talking with Jefe, his right-hand man: Jefe: I have put many beautiful pià ±atas in the storeroom, each of them filled with little surprises.El Guapo: Many pià ±atas?Jefe: Oh yes, many!El Guapo: Would you say I have a plethora of pià ±atas?Jefe: A what?El Guapo: A plethora.Jefe: Oh yes, you have a plethora.El Guapo: Jefe, what is a plethora?Jefe: Why, El Guapo?El Guapo: Well, you told me I have a plethora. And I just would like to know if you know what a plethora is. I would not like to think that a person would tell someone he has a plethora, and then find out that that person has no idea what it means to have a plethora.Jefe: Forgive me, El Guapo. I know that I, Jefe, do not have your superior intellect and education. But could it be that once again, you are angry at something else, and are looking to take it out on me?(Tony Plana and Alfonso Arau as Jefe and El Guapo in  ¡Three Amigos!, 1986) Regardless of his motive, El Guapo asks a fair question: just what is a plethora? As it turns out, this Greek and Latin hand-me-down is an example of a word that has undergone amelioration- that is, an upgrade in meaning from a negative sense to a neutral or favorable connotation. At one time plethora meant an overabundance or unhealthy excess of something (too many pià ±atas). Now its commonly used as a non-judgmental synonym for a large quantity (a lot of pià ±atas).

Paragraph Task Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paragraph Task - Essay Example Junk food is very high in cholesterol, fats, and carbohydrates. â€Å"It probably comes with no surprise that larger portion sizes are associated with higher caloric intake† (Rossen and Rossen, 2012, p. 65). Body converts the excessive sugar into fat. The more the sugar intake, the more the fat stored. The second major cause of obesity is lack of physical activity. Many people today are living a sedentary lifestyle and use vehicles for traveling. Likewise, people keep servants at home rather than doing the domestic works themselves. The third main cause of obesity is lack of education. Advertisements convey information in such a complicated manner that common man cannot understand the nutritional value of the product. In addition to that, there is a lot of conflicting information about the food items, which leaves people puzzled. Obesity has many negative implications both on the individuals and the society at large. Overfeeding children grow up into overeating adults. They ca nnot do exercise. Obesity lowers self-esteem, thus causing people to seek refuge in comfort eating. Obesity causes many medical complications including heart problems, and diabetes. Most of the factors are both causes and effects of obesity. Furthermore, obesity makes people lazy. In the past, being fat was considered a sign of prosperity, but today people have to bear its cost. Avoid obesity requires a complete change in the lifestyle. People need to combine good common-sense eating with more activity. People should adopt healthy living earlier to avoid the consequences of obesity later in life. Reflection Topic Sentence I started my new paragraph with a topic sentence. While choosing and organizing the words to make my topic sentence, I had three factors in my mind; length, indication, and appeal. Firstly, I wanted to keep my topic sentence concise because wordy topic sentences are misleading and confusing whereas I wanted my topic sentence to be very to the point. Secondly, I wan ted to select such a topic sentence that would indicate what claim or argument is made in the paragraph following it. Thirdly, I wanted my topic sentence to reflect the appeal or tone of the whole paragraph so that the readers know it upfront. These three factors when considered while making the topic sentence help the readers know what to expect in the paragraph. Tenses Tenses indicate the gravity of an issue. For example, in my supporting sentences, I made used of both past and present continuous tenses to emphasize that obesity has been a health risk to the society in the past and has not subsided yet, but is rather growing in rate and effects. Most of the supporting sentences are written in present tense because the effects of obesity have always been as mentioned, are, and will continue to be as such. Grammar Appropriate selection of adjectives, comparatives, and transitive words help the writer incorporate expression in the text. In my paragraph, I used adjectives before nouns like â€Å"greasy† burgers and â€Å"fizzy† soft-drinks to reflect their images in the readers’ minds while they read, along with the feel they get while consuming them, so that they can relate to what they read. I emphasized on the gravity of consequences of obesity by using such comparatives as â€Å"more† and â€Å"very†. I reflected different phases of time in the sentences by making use of such comparatives as â€Å"earlier† and â€Å"later†. I linked the sentences to one another by using such transitive words as

Measuring Team Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Measuring Team Performance - Essay Example Reaching the goals means identifying some of the strategies, formal or informal’ (McNamara, 2007b). Therefore, it is apparent that the four major management functions namely planning, leading organizing and controlling are interdependent with a failure/success in one determining the fate of the others. The performance standards that are to be met by the employees are set in the planning process. It is important for the management to understand that all the activities to be performed win the organization need to have their predefined standards (Erven, n.d). It is thus the role of the management to ensure that the employees are conforming to the laid down standards. McNamara (2007b) observed that the evaluation and review of performance ‘provides an opportunity for the supervisors and the employees to regularly communicate about goals’. The managers need to understand that ‘lowering the standards to what has been attained is not a solution to performance problems. On the other hand, a manager does need to the standards when they are fund to be unattainable due to resource limitation and factors external to the business’ (Erven, n.d). As such, the controlling process helps to identify the possible problems that may arise to deter the organization’s pr ogress. Since the controlling process is aimed at identifying how employees conform to the standards, the required steps are taken depending on the outcome. If the performance by the employees is established to be substandard, ‘then preventive action must be taken to ensure that the problem does not recur. If performance is greater than or equal to standards, [then] it is useful to reinforce behaviors that led to the acceptable standards’ (Erven, n.d). Thus, controlling, as a management function is analogous to quality control in a production company. As McNamara (2007b) described, quality control involves ‘specifying a performance standard, monitoring

Marketing for low income people (Gillette Vs Nivea) Research Paper

Marketing for low income people (Gillette Vs Nivea) - Research Paper Example Nivea brand is one of the famous skin and beauty brands in the globe due to its intense and cultivating marketing strategies. The advancement of the brand is attributed to its extensive ranges of products worldwide like the moisturizers, deodorants, and shower products. These brands have magnificent appeals to both segments, especially the high income segment of customers, yet Nivea products sell across all segments. On the other hand, Gillette has evolved its marketing strategies approaches over the past few years to establish a more consumer-focused approach. The company has successfully installed brand confidence among the increasingly skeptical male consumer base in the world. Acquisition of new customers often results from the implementation of a product strategy. Products attract new customers by offering new features, eliminating old problems, and solving different needs. Products will be matched with viable market segments. Product development is a marketing strategy in which new goods and services are developed and then added to current lines (Bergh & Behrer, 2013). These are marketed to existing customers. Product diversification occurs when new goods and services are created for new market segments not currently served by the company. Unmet needs, cultural trends, and other developments lead to development and diversification strategies. Recent cultural trends associated with diet have led to new food products, while the desire for connectivity has been associated with the creation of new electronic devices. One key to developing products is following through with a well-designed plan of implementation that brings the whole company into the process. Product improvements solve specific problems. Many products have been made smaller, faster, more efficient, and more user-friendly over the years. Product improvements may help firm capture new customers and acquire competitors’ customers

Online Sales Tax Policy

Online Sales Tax Policy Intro As the past several years majority of the retail item purchase are transitioning to the internet, which cause more fiscal distress for the states because they weren’t able to collect taxes for sales generated online from outer states that are not physically presence in the state. The Amazon laws often reference by the attempt by the states to capture taxes on internet sales are being wildly adapted to capture the uncollected revenue for the states. The Market Place Fairness Act (Amazon Tax) arise recently to authorize states to impose internet sales tax if the states are member of the SSUTA. However major states like California and Illinois s are still resisting these Amazon laws to be implemented. So far only 20 states collect sales tax from internet retailers. This is a problem because these Amazon laws has been proven to decrease employment in the online retail market, decrease business investment and create future monopolistic problem. Last year Amazon spends 1.8 million d ollars hiring seven law firms to lobby Washington, hiring 9 lobbyist from each firm to fight this issue in the congress. In addition to these lobbyist also recruited two senate majority leader Trend Lott R-Miss and former Sen John Breaux, D –LA. Amazon is among at least 135 companies and group that have lobbied for sales tax bill this year. Their interest is to abolish these sales tax law so these online retail companies can gain competitive advantage against local retail stores and increase their company’s revenue. The key opposition actors are the Department of Revenue from each opposing state and certain congressman who wanted to collected these sales tax which estimated to be more than 10 billion each year and will continue to grow in the next 5 years. The major disagreement is about the definition companies’ physical presence in the state and if tax is necessary from conducting sales from outside state. The major agreement is that there needs to be quick an d firm action to set up these policies because the numbers of online retail stores are growing and the policy needs to be in place to prevent confusion in the future. Well established corporation giant like Amazon and other Big online retail stores are most likely to influence the decision in the policy making process because due to their size, employment effort and political lobbying effort, their interest is most likely going to be recognized. Journals The first journal that we are going to examine is the evidence of how online sales taxes influences buyers’ behavior using the data source of 25000 people, the results shows that taxation plays an important role in online commerce. Especially for people living in places with higher taxes, those shoppers are much more likely to buy things over the internet. The results shows that there is a reason why there is such a different level of technological sophistication and shopping behavior with different locations. With this study, existing sales tax to internet will reduce the number of online buyers by as much as 24 percent. In total the results of this study shoes that taxes and prices difference is the main factor of purchase decision, and important role for individual floating money to other systems and people migrating to other states or even other countries, thus creating a world without borders. The second research journal is from Stanford also examine the sensitivity report of Internet retail market. The first results in this paper shows a â€Å"tax surprises†. The study found that interested buyer falls roughly two percent for every one percent point increase in sales tax. The sensitivity changes depend on the type of item there is . The second report uses sales tax at the state level. Where one percent point increase in states sales tax will lead to 3-6 percent decrease in line purchase form home state sellers. Analysis The Market Place Fairness Act is the currently status quo. Where it grants states authority of collect online and catalog retailers, no matter which state they are located, to collect sales tax at the time of the transaction. It is the exact same process that local retailers are required to do. However there is a catch that the States must simplify their sales tax laws to make those tax collection. The State has an option to join the twenty four states that have adopted the Stream Sales and Use Tax Agreement. Or another option would be that the state establish a uniform sales tax base throughout the state and determine sales tax rate of out of state. The reason why this Act was implemented because retail has drastically changed from forty six years ago. Majority of the online sales are shipped from tax exempt state and therefore allowed to be tax free. In order to fix this issue of a tax â€Å"loophole† and also, increase tax revenue, the act was set up in place. The majority stakeholder of this policy is the Department of Revenue from each state. Where due to increase cost and increase in unemployment the states are unable to find new revenue source to collect from. By implementing this policy the State is able to collect 300 plus million dollars each year. On a national level, the total tax revenue from this bill will come out to 23 billion. Another major stakeholder of this policy is the National Retail Federation. Which is made up by large retail businesses such as Walmart, Target and BestBuy, Where the company operates with physical presence in the State. The National Retail Association argued that without an online sales tax it will create and unfair competitive advantage for the online retail business and causing lost revenue from its store. Traditional brick and mortar businesses view this as a tax loophole The second policy is no online sales tax for companies who do not have a physical presence in the states. There are several reason why people favor this policy. First online sales tax is deem unconstitutional and serves as an discrimination against online businesses. According to Illinois Supreme court â€Å"Justice Anne Burke, writing for the courts majority, questioned whether there was any substantial difference between out-of-state businesses reaching Illinois consumers through a click-through-nexus approach or through other approaches that arent taxed.† The click-through link makes it easier for the customer to reach the out-of-state retailer, Burke wrote. But the link is not different in kind from advertising using promotional codes that appear, for example, in Illinois newspapers or Illinois radio broadcasts. The second reason why people oppose having online sales tax is because, the Market Fairness Act forces business to collect taxes on their own expense. Small business are already suffering low profit margin in online market, if the States requires online business to collect taxes it will drastically make the tax collection process difficult. The main stakeholder for this policy is the Internet Association Group. The group is made up by internet companies like Amazon, Facebook and Ebay, where they are conduct business online rather than having a physical retail store. The third Policy is a modify policy for the Market Place Fairness Act. Where the States only collect online sales taxes with company that is generating more than 1 million revenue per year. The design of this policy is specifically made for small business. Because collecting sales tax clearly hurts sales. The government wants to exempt small businesses from having to collect any online taxes, therefore making the crowded online retail market place more competitive friendly. The major stake holder for this policy is the small online business, where they are generating small margins of profit from their online sales. This tax exempt will help small business to take off in a competitive business world and exempt from the tedious work of tax collection for the state. From this chart we can clearly point out the motivation behind Amazon Tax, the Department of Revenue is clearly losing 23 billion dollars every year for online sales tax that are not collected. The policy that I’m prescribing is policy number 2. Where this policy only require companies to pay taxes with physical presence in the state. Because I deem policy 1 and policy 3 unconstitutional and it’s a devastation to our economic well-being. Political Reason On October 19th 2013 the Illinois Supreme Court found the Market Place Fairness Act unconstitutional. It is unconstitutional because the court â€Å"find that there aren’t any substantial difference between out of state businesses reaching Illinois consumers through click through nexus approach or through other approaches that aren’t taxed. The coupon, discount and other advertisement link is no different from for example, Illinois newspaper or radio broadcasts.†. Under the Internet Freedom Tax Act States are prohibit to impose discriminatory internet only taxes on E commerce. So this policy should not even be raised up because it is unconstitutional in the first place. Furthermore, Amazon and other online retail companies do sales taxes on states that they have physical presence, therefore making the argument of â€Å"Amazon pays no sales tax† Invalid. The Trillion Dollar Reason Let’s examine the economic impact of this policy. Every year Amazon and other online retail companies invest billions of dollars into its supply chain management systems and information management systems. This costly investment is what makes online shopping more efficient, less costly than any other method in the retail world. If local government propose a sales tax on online sales, not only it decreases online sales, it also provides no incentives for small businesses to compete with physical retail stores because small businesses have no price/ logistical advantages compare to the physical retail store. Decrease in sales and fewer small businesses will lead to less investment into building warehouses, data centers, and transportation system and website development. Which will be the next trillion dollar industry. As a side note, because Amazon pays no sales tax. Traditional brick and mortar stores are force to increase its presence online, decrease cost of its product, decrease inefficient warehouses, hire more website/data/cloud developers and improve its delivery system. The benefit not only transition to the customers (reduce purchase cost) it also provides more job opportunities for people by introducing business competition. Employment When the State of Illinois tries to pass the Illinois Affiliates Law which required out of state online company to collect taxes on its affiliates. 1000 online retailers threatened to terminate their business relationship with the state. 9000 small business were lost. This example shows us that when a state tries to impose an internet sales tax, companies will terminate their relationship with the local affiliates. Not only this will cause less income for the people, it will stagnate employment in the future. The similar approach to terminating its affiliates will be found more if states continue to impose sales taxes on internet retail companies. Long term vs Short term Short term Step 1. To fix this issue first we need to repeal every Amazon Tax that is being implemented in states that collect Amazon Tax. Using Illinois Supreme Court’s findings and conclusion, I suspect that other states court will soon find this tax is unconstitutional and discriminating towards the online retail companies. By rejecting this tax, customers can enjoy no sales tax from online companies that do not have a physical presence in their state. Step 2. To further fix this issue in the short term, we need to fix issues mainly in the Department of Revenue. Right now due to the rising cost of welfare, Medicare and other cost, Department of Revenue is running out of budget on hand. To tackle this problem in the short term, there are several other polices that decrease spending in some area that are not efficient in the federal system. By convincing legislators that businesses are the future source of revenue for the government, our legislator can look elsewhere to decrease spending or transfer spending to other department. Long term To see the implication of my policy to work and to solve the root cause of the problem in the long term, we need to tackle the traditional brick and mortar businesses. By introducing competition from online retail stores, the brick and mortar businesses will have to increase its presence online and invest in online retail business. Walmart actually sees an increase in profit online since it starts to increase its presence online. Walmart is also adopting its inventory, transportation, online retail strategy from Amazon. In the long term, Walmart and other brick and mortar businesses will be able to price match with Amazon and also offer low cost goods and great online services to its customers. When we see traditional brick and mortar business adopt an online retail model, the issues of sales tax will not be surface. Sales Tax The root cause of the problem is actually the existence of sales tax. To fully see this problem go away, we need to examine the real purpose of sales tax in the long term. Should sales tax be implemented? Do states perform better without sales tax? Do sales tax hurt traditional brick and mortar business as well? Is Department of Revenue the sole winner of implementing sales tax? These are the issues that needs to be address in front of the legislator in order to abolish sales tax. By abolishing sales tax, the question of online tax will not be an issue anymore. Journals Alm, James, and Mikhail I. Melnik. 2005. â€Å"Sales Taxes and the Decision to Purchase Online.† Public Finance Review 33 (2): 184–212. Alm, James, and Mikhail I. Melnik. 2005. â€Å"Sales Taxes and the Decision to Purchase Online.† Public Finance Review 33 (2): 184–212. Mikesell, John, 1970. â€Å"Central Cities and Sales Tax Rate Differentials: The Border City Problem.† National Tax Journal 23 (2), 206–214. Mikesell, John, 1971. â€Å"Sales Taxation and the Border County Problem.† Quarterly Review of Economics and Business 11 (1), 23–29. Rohlin, Shawn, Stuart Rosenthal, and Amanda Ross, 2012. â€Å"Tax Avoidance and Business Location in a State Border Model.† Unpublished manuscript. Maxwell School, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY. Articles Studies Agree: A Sales Tax Increase Kills Jobs Watchdog.org.Watchdogorg RSS. Web. 4 Dec. 2014. http://watchdog.org/36650/ks-studies-agree-a-sales-tax-increase-kills-jobs/>.