Bulimia Symptoms And Treatments Of Bulimia - 972 Words

â€Å"Bulimia† Have you ever looked at the cover of a magazine and seen a beautiful woman that just looked so thin, and thought â€Å"How in the world did she get that way?† Well like me I’m sure millions of girls have wondered the same thing. Many of them becoming self-conscious, what with our society placing so much emphasis on being thin in order to be attractive. But how thin is too thin? Many girls in this country use some kind of diet or exercise plan but, others take it too far. Bulimia is exactly what taking it to far means. Have you ever met someone who always leaves to go to the bathroom after they finish eating? Perhaps, when they were eating they eat way more then was necessary almost to the point of it being excessive. Maybe this person you know has anxiety, depression, or a poor body image. These are all signs that a person may have Bulimia. (Bulimia Symptoms and Effects. Bulimia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.) Bulimia is a psychological disorder w here a person alternates between bingeing and purging their food. Not to be confused with Anorexia which is another psychological disorder where an individual is so afraid of being â€Å"fat† that they eat an unhealthily low amount of food or just don’t eat at all. (Grison, Sarah, Todd F. Heatherton, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. Chapter 10. Psychology in Your Life. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 354-55. Print.) Bulimia on the other hand starts off with an obsession with body image and diet. The individual will then begin a strict dietShow MoreRelated Reducing Symptoms in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder Through Drug Treatment2107 Words   |  9 PagesReducing Symptoms in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder Through Drug Treatment Bulimia nervosa is a chronic psychiatric disorder that haunts the lives of many young women. The disorder is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by some sort of purging. The purging usually involves self-induced vomiting and can cause great damage to the body. Persons diagnosed with bulimia nervosa have a loss of control over these behaviors. Affecting the lives of 3-5% of young womenRead MoreEating Disorders And The Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesTwo-Parent Families in the Treatment of Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa Using Family-Based Treatment? Uchenna Obiagwu University of North Texas Are Single-Parent Families Different from Two-Parent Families in the Treatment of Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa Using Family-Based Treatment? A research was conducted on forty-one 17 years old female adolescent with bulimia nervosa. The purpose of the study was to examine whether family play a vital role for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. It also examine howRead MoreEssay Bulimia Nervosa1311 Words   |  6 PagesBULIMIA NERVOSA 307.51 (F50.2) Introduction Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa undertake frequent binge eating, followed by expelling the food, typically by inducing vomiting, but also through exercising and the use of laxative agents, diuretics, and enemas (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The binge eating occurrences are often prompted by a negative perception of one’s body image, temporarily alleviated by the binge eating episode. Since the individual with bulimia nervosa is overanxiousRead MoreBulimia Nervosa As A Mental Disorder904 Words   |  4 PagesBulimia Nervosa was first characterized as a mental disorder in 1979 by Gerald F.M. Russell. Bulimia nervosa was initially a variant of anorexia nervosa, but now the disease has its own symptoms, and is distinguished as a psychiatric condition (Palmer, 2005). Bulimia Nervosa seems to occur in adolescents and women between the ages of 14-40. The percentage of men suffering from the disease are about 10% (Farrar, 2014). Patients suffering from the disease place an excessive importance in body imageRead MoreBurden Of A Athlete s Beauty Test1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthat same pressure to stay competitive, in comparison to others around them, that they result to an eating disorder to cope with maintaining that certain standard. Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are both uprising disorders that can be prevented, yet recognizing the different diagnosis criteria, symptoms or warning signs, and treatment options can help someone offer sympathy and support to anyone struggling with either disease. The first difference between the two diseases are their definitionsRead MoreBulimia Nervos Eating Disorder1271 Words   |  6 Pages Bulimia Nervosa Presenting Problem Bulimia Nervosa, also referred to as Bulimia, or Binge-Purge behavior, is an eating disorder in which an individual will engorge themselves with unusually large amounts of food in a short amount of time and purge later. Between eating binges, a person with Bulimia Nervosa will tend to restrict their caloric intake, and by their own preference select foods in which they believe are seemingly â€Å"low in calories†. Often, an individual may feel out of control duringRead MoreBulimia Nervosa: The Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesBulimia, known as Bulimia Nervosa, is a deadly eating disorder in which an individual believes they are fat or overweight. Those individuals lose weight through unhealthy and dangerous methods. The overall desire to be thin and accepted appears to be the main cause of Bulimia. The attitudes about diet and appearance expressed by parents can be a factor. Teens may temporarily become slightly overweight and parents who react n egatively may cause their children to become fearful or anxious about theRead MoreSymptoms And Signs Of Eating Disorders1133 Words   |  5 Pagesare the symptoms and signs of an eating disorder? Well, an eating disorder is a definite disturbance of eating habits or weight-control behavior and it’s not a secondary due to any disorder. Over the past decades studies showed that eating disorders are frequent in women than men. Moreover, an eating disorder could result in a psychological, mental, and physical dysfunctions and disabilities. Just like diabetes, eating disorders are classified into different types: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 Pageslives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale an d dry skin, and even failing organs are usually signs that someone may have bulimia. There are always key signs and factors to recognizing an eating disorder. Eating disorders are serious. We all should be aware of the affect it has on an individual,Read MoreEating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa1382 Words   |  6 Pageseating disorders, including bulimia nervosa. During the time I was bulimic, I remember watching movies and fashion shows, then looking at myself in the mirror and thinking â€Å"I’m never going to be skinny enough†. I now realize how wrong I was for punishing myself like that and how much damage I was doing to my body. That’s why I think it’s important for everyone to read about bulimia, because this disorder may go unobserved for years and sometimes, it can be too late. Bulimia can be very consuming and

Views on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Essay

Views on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy due to the many hardships and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fighting in World War II. While Billy is trying to escape from behind enemy lines, he is captured and imprisoned in a German slaughterhouse. The author tells of Billy’s terrible experiences there. After the war, Billy marries and goes to school to†¦show more content†¦The author writes of many different human beings, showing that each one thinks war is ultimately, the worst thing. While in the war, Billy is in the hospital during his imprisonment by the Germans. There is an old general there who was a teacher before joining in the war efforts. One day, in a conversation with Billy and another older man in the hospital, the general starts to talk about what he thinks of the war. He says, You know-- we’ve had to imagine the war here, and we have imagined that it was being fought by aging men like ourselves. We had forgotten that wars were fought by babies. When I saw those freshly shaved faces, it was a shock. ‘My God, my God----’ I said to myself, ‘It’s the Children’s Crusade’ (p. 106). This general feels that war is nothing but babies being murdered by one another. He is disturbed by the thought of war and the fact that so many young people are dying for its cause. Billy, the protagonist of this novel, also has bitter feelings about war. While he is in the zoo on the planet of Tralfamadore, he is able to communicate with the aliens. In a conversation with them, he says that he is from a planet that has been engaged in senseless slaughter since the beginni ng of time (p. 116). This senseless slaughter that he is referring to is war. Billly himself was in the war, but obviously thinks that there is no reason for it and by no meansShow MoreRelatedGeorge Roy Hills Movie Adaptation of Kurt Vonneguts Slaughter-House Five1100 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Roy Hills movie adaptation of Kurt Vonneguts novel Slaughter-house Five is a fairly accurate version that stays relatively close to Vonneguts own vision. Throughout Vonnegut novel Billy Pilgrim, a WWII soldier who was captured by the Germans and held captive as an American POW (prisoner of war), demonstrates several extreme compulsive tendencies due to the horrific events he witnessed as an American POW victim. After reading of Billy’s experiences, I did not have faith in the movies abilityRead MoreEssay about Slaughterhouse-Five: A Peace Novel1419 Words   |  6 PagesWar is a tragic experience that can motivate people to do many things. Many people have been inspired to write s tories, poems, or songs about war. Many of these examples tend to reflect feelings against war. Kurt Vonnegut is no different and his experience with war inspired him to write a series of novels starting with Slaughter-House Five. It is a unique novel expressing Vonneguts feelings about war. These strong feeling can be seen in the similarities between characters, information aboutRead MoreInfluence of Early Lifa and War on Kurt Vonnegut Jr. to Encourage a Generation Against War 2263 Words   |  10 PagesInfluence of Early Life and War on Kurt Vonnegut Jr. to Encourage a Generation Against War Kurt Vonnegut Jr. is one of the most well known World War II authors. His humble beginnings and early life misfortunes shaped not only his writings, but also his view of the world. His imprisonment in Dresden in World War II, however, formed his opinions about war at an early age and later inspired many of his works and style of writing. After the returning from World War II, Vonnegut voiced his sentimentsRead MoreThe Life and Writings of Kurt Vonnegut Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pagesmost successful novelist in the Post-Second World War period in the America. His literary works have had varied impacts on American culture, including the use of the word â€Å"karass† amongst college students, the naming of the pop groups â€Å"Ice Nine Kills† and â€Å"The Billy Pilgrims†, and the frequent use of the term â€Å"So it goes† as written in Vonnegut’s obituary on the New York Times (Farrell, p.ix). This article examines the impacts of Vonnegutâ₠¬â„¢s on his literary work. It reviews the influences ofRead More The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Da3375 Words   |  14 PagesThe Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Dance With Death In 1945 Kurt Vonnegut witnessed a horrific series of bombings that led to the destruction of the German city of Dresden, where he was taken as a prisoner of war. The controversial fire-storm raid, carried out by bombers of the Royal Air Force and US Air Force, took casualties of up to a quarter million people (Klinkowitz x-xi). As a prisoner of war, Vonnegut was forced to participateRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five, By Kurt Vonnegut1655 Words   |  7 Pagesit is simple to imagine timelessness as a house built on no beams or supports, or like a body with no bones to support its flesh. To deny this fact is to deny the term jetlag; any minute disturbances in the natural sense of time in the human body which causes distress in the sleep cycle. Thus our lives are structured and to a degree controlled by time. This almost unbelievable reality is brought into light by Kurt Vonnegut the author of Slaughterhouse-Five; the protagonist of this brilliant novel

Impact of Low Interest Rate

Question: Demonstration of a clear understanding of the issues. Use of academic models. Clear focussed understanding of a topic. Critical analysis is an important test of the students ability to evaluate business economics concepts. Answer: Introduction Financial market faces challenges and difficulties as there is a variation in the rate of interest. The rate of interest is set by the central bank of a country. They decide whether to pump out money from the economy or to inject money within the economy. They alter the rate of interest in order to control money supply (Bankofengland.co.uk, 2016). The rate of interest has other impacts in the economy. This paper reviews the impact of interest rate with the help of one microeconomic framework and one macroeconomic theory. The interest of British economy has been low since 2009. The paper will focus to review the effect of low interest rate on the economy of United Kingdom. Low Rate of Interest in British Economy Interest rate is the charge of borrowing money. Before, analysing the effects of low rate of interest in United Kingdom, some common effects of low interest rate will be discussed. From the basic microeconomic theory, the change in the behaviour of individual firm or consumer can be analysed. Low rate of interest encourages the firms to hold more capital. In order to acquire more capital, the desire for loanable fund increases. In contrast, when the interest rate is high, less capital will be demanded and this will in turn lower the demand for borrowing. Hence, the demand for loanable money is inversely related to the interest rate. The curve is hence downward sloping. Similarly when the interest rate is higher, the lender finds it more attractive to lend fund, as he will get more in return. Therefore, the supply of loanable fund rises. When the yield rate is lower, the lender is less likely to lend fund. As a result of this the supply of loanable fund decreases. Therefore, the amoun t of loanable fund in directly related to the interest rate. The curve is hence upward sloping. The demand and supply curves for the available loanable money are represented in the following diagram. Figure 1: Demand and Supply of Loanable Fund Now, the paper will review macroeconomic effect of low rate of interest. Macroeconomic theory of interest rate develops from microeconomic idea. However, in this case, the economy is considered as a whole. Hence, the effect of interest rate can be described with the help of the macroeconomic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The constituents of aggregate demand are: Consumption; government expenditure; investment and net trade surplus. This can be represented in the following equation: AD = Consumption (C) + Government Expenditure (G) + Investment + (Export Import). Investment is a negative function of interest rate. When the rate of interest rises, the investor does not invest much. When the rate of interest is lower, the investors are encouraged to invest. Since, investment is one of the components of Aggregate demand, therefore a change in interest rate indirectly affect the aggregate demand. When interest rate rises, the aggregate demand falls due to fall in the in vestment (Kiley 2012). Similarly, when rate of interest decreases the aggregate demand rises due to an increase in the investment. This can be represented in the following diagram. Figure 2: Effect of Interest on Aggregate Demand From the above diagram, it can be said that when interest rate is low, collective demand curve moves to the right. When the interest rate is high, aggregate demand curve moves to the left. Apart from variation in the aggregate demand, the yield rate also alters the price level in the economy. As observed in the above diagram, the low rate of interest leads to a rise in the inflation rate; and in contrast the high interest rate keeps price level low. Based on the above theories, the paper will analyse the impact of low interest rate on British economy over last seven years. Since, March 2009, the rate of interest at UK reached a record low level of 0.5% (Swanson and Williams 2014). This level is constant till the date. The following diagram represents the trend in rate of interest rate at UK economy., Figure 3: Interest rate in United Kingdom Source: Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 The economy of UK is affected by the low rate of interest in number of ways, as follows: Prior to global crisis, the interest rate was quite high in the economy of UK, and duo to the crisis, it has fallen significantly. During 2009, it cut back its rate of interest to a record low and since then GDP of UK has improved. This is due to the fact that, low interest has incresed the aggregate demand, as a result of which more goods and services are produced in the economy and thus GDP of the nation has increased. Hence it has stimulated the economic growth. This is repressented in the following diagram. Figure 4: GDP in United Kingdom Source : Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 Another impact of low interest rate in the economy of UK is that, housing prices at this country has risen rapidly. This is because the low interest rate made it more beneficial to buy assets. The rise in demand for assets has increased price of the assets faster than the increase in the wage of the UK economy. The low cost of borrowing has inflated the housing price bubble in UK economy (Ferrero2015). This has increased the wealth but it is troublesome for the first time buyer of houses. The low interest rate has decreased the return from nominal savings that is almost close to zero. Hence, people are less likely to save. But some rate of saving is necessary for future. The young generation tends to save less, which might affect them during the time of retirement. More over the low saving rate also affected the investment, as without a flow of savings investment cannot be funded (Balassa 2013). However, the low rate of interest helps the bank to improve its balance sheet and its capacity to spend. However, the low rate reduced the availability of mortgages. So even if the demand for borrowing is high but bank cannot provide loan due to lack of deposits (Sentance, 2015). The unemployment rate is inversely related to the rate of inflation. A low rate of interest leads to rise in the price level, which will reduce the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate started to decline in this economy. The Bank of England might revise the rate of interest if it thinks that the low rate of interest is causing the inflation rate to rise. Hence, to control inflation in the economy the central bank of this country can raise the interest rate. By reducing inflation rate the country can accelerate the unemployment rate. Hence, before taking such decision, the central bank will analyse its consequences. It was stated by the Bank of England that once the unemployment rate comes below 7% they will raise the rate of interest (Pwc.blogs.com, 2015). But in the British economy, in spite of low interest rate of interest the inflation is controlled. Rather the rate was negative during 2015. This situation is called deflation, where the output of the economy tends to fall (Blanchard, Furceri,and Pescatori 2014). Therefore, to maintain a growth of the economy, the Bank of England will continue to keep its interest at a low level. Moreover, if the Bank of England raises the interest rate for the fir st time since the economic crisis, it is expected to give an adverse shock to the confidence of the British economy. The low rate of interest encourages the consumer to buy more, this will increase the import of the nation, and this will lead to fall in current account. It is evident that the low rate of interest has adversely affected the current account of the British economy, which is represented in the following diagram. Figure 5: Current Account in United Kingdom Source: Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 The current account has been negative in the economy of UK. This negative balance can be considered as a contribution of the low rate of interest. Hence, in this respect it can be expected from the central bank of this nation, to increase the interest rate. Moreover, the lower interest rate causes the currency of the country to depreciate; this makes the export more competitive. The higher is the rate of interest, the stronger will be the currency. In contrast, the lower interest rate weakens the currency of the country. Hence, if the Bank of England wants to depreciate the currency it can lower the rate of interest and if it wants to appreciate its currency, it will raise the rate of interest. The higher value of the currency will attract the foreign investment, as investor would like to invest in a country where the currency is strong. Similarly, lower interest rate will discourage the foreign investors as the domestic currency is not strong. Therefore, in some cases, the low inter est rate attributed positively in the economy of UK, and in some cases, it faces difficulties. Therefore, the Bank of England will act according to the severity of the effect. Conclusion The above discussion focuses on the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of low rate of interest. The low rate of interest has been persisting in the UK economy for considerable years. It has affected the British economy in several ways. The role of bank of England has been discussed in controlling the impact of low interest rate. It is the only governing body that can directly change the rate of interest and control the economic performances (Chan, 2015). References Balassa, B., 2013. The effects of interest rates on savings in developing countries.PSL Quarterly Review,43(172). Bankofengland.co.uk., 2016.How does monetary policy work? | Bank of England. [online] Available at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/pages/how.aspx [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Blanchard, O.J., Furceri, D. and Pescatori, A., 2014. A prolonged period of low real interest rates?.Secular stagnation: facts, causes and cures, p.101. Chan, S., 2015.Who sets UK interest rates?. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/bank-of-england/11755220/Who-sets-UK-interest-rates.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Ferrero, A., 2015. House price booms, current account deficits, and low interest rates.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,47(S1), pp.261-293. Kiley, M.T., 2012. The aggregate demand effects of short-and long-term interest rates. Pwc.blogs.com. 2015 .The risks of keeping interest rates so low - Economics in business. [online] Available at: https://pwc.blogs.com/economics_in_business/2015/11/the-risks-of-keeping-interest-rates-so-low.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Sentance, A. 2015.The perils of keeping interest rates so low. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/economics/11980311/The-perils-of-keeping-interest-rates-so-low.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Swanson, E.T. and Williams, J.C., 2014.Measuring the effect of the zero lower bound on medium-and longer-term interest rates(No. w20486). National Bureau of Economic Research. Tradingeconomics.com. 2016.United Kingdom Current Account to GDP | 1980-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/current-account-to-gdp [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Tradingeconomics.com. 2016.United Kingdom GDP | 1960-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar | Forecast | News. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/gdp [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Tradingeconomics.com. 2016.United Kingdom Interest Rate | 1971-2016 | Data | Chart | Calendar. [online] Available at: https://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-kingdom/interest-rate [Accessed 20 Mar. 2016].

Evaluation of Recruitment and Selection Process †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Evaluation of Recruitment and Selection Process. Answer: Introduction The term job analysis can be explained as the process in which identification and determination of a job are done on the details of the duties and requirement of a job. Job analysis process explains the role or importance of the duties and requirement for the job. An in-depth investigation is done with a motive to control the output. Job analysis forms a base for taking a decision regarding the compensation package and incentives for a job position offered to an individual (Goffin, et. al., 2011). This report will discuss the concept of job analysis process along with the review of the job analysis process adopted by the organisation. There are various issues which can affect the job analysis process of the organisation. These issues can be related to management, employees or other stakeholders of the business. This report will discuss the management related issues affecting the designing of the job analysis process and manner in which these management issues can be dealt. Recommendations will be provided for enhancing the job analysis process of the organisation. According to Cucina, et. al. (2012), job analysis process is being used by the organisation for gathering information regarding the duties, responsibilities, outcomes, skills required and environment of the work for a particular job. Job analysis process helps in estimating the worth of a specific job, optimum utilisation of the human talent, developing realistic measurement standards for measuring performance and elimination of the unwanted jobs. Job analysis process has been formulated by the organisation for ensuring that job requirements and worth of the job is properly and effectively analysed. The organisation is conducting the job analysis process in a logical manner for ensuring the attainment of the objectives of the business. The job analysis process formulated and followed by the organisation contains different stages (Waters, et. al., 2017). The reason behind the selection of a multi-stage job analysis process is for the appropriate management and adopting professional psychometric practices. Different job analysis methods have been used for enhancing the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. During the review of the job analysis process, few issues have been identified which have affected the process. For the purpose of dealing with these issues, there is a need to adopt strategies or measures. This review process has been initiated with the motive to identify these issues affecting the job analysis process (Saif, et. al., 2013). Review of the job analysis process is discussed below: Formulation of plans for the job analysis: for the analysis of the jobs, there is a need to formulate plans and these plans need to be formulated before initiating the process of data collection. The organisation has placed its focus on the identification of the objectives of the job analysis. Objectives have helped in updating the description of the job in a better manner. This has helped the company in the revision of the compensation programs (Quinn, 2014). Job analysis process has helped the organisation by changing the structure of the different parts of the organisation for matching with the strategies of the business. Support from the different stakeholders has been raised which would affect the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. The focus of this stage of the job analysis process was on identification of the objectives of the job analysis and obtaining support from the top management (Armstrong, 2010). Preparation and introduction of job analysis: preparation starts with the identification of the jobs which are under review process. Analysis of the different jobs is done separately so as to maintain the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. Different job analysis methods have been selected which have been used for the analysis of the job and its worth. These methods include observation method, interview method, questionnaire method, critical incident method and work sampling (Cottrell, 2012). This stage of the process defines the manner in which managers will participate in the job analysis process and consideration of the number of employees required for performing the job. Another aspect which is included in this stage of the process is a review of the existing documentation process of the organisation. This has saved the time and efforts of the later stages of the process. The focus of this stage is on the identification of the jobs and methodology, revi ewing the existing job documentation and communicating the process to the managers and employees of the organisation (Blume, et. al., 2010). Execution of the job analysis: after completing the planning process, analysis of the job is done. Data collected has been reviewed for analysing the completeness and has been followed with additional interview and questions which have been answered by the managers and employees. The focus of this stage of the process is on collecting data of job analysis and reviewing and complying the data collected. The questionnaire has been followed by a letter which has explained the process and instructions for the completion and returning the questionnaires of the job analysis. Adequate time has been allocated for the purpose of gathering information from the managers and employees of the organisation. The questionnaire has been used for the purpose of returning the reviews to managers from employees (Bodnarchuk, 2012). Development of job descriptions and specifications of the jobs: in this stage of the job analysis process, description and specification of the jobs have been prepared. The motive behind the preparation of this draft containing the description and specifications of the job is to complete the draft and ensuring that additional clarification areas are identified in an effective manner. It was ensured while constructing the job analysis process that the managers and employees are involved in this process (Sanchez Levine, 2009). Focus while constructing the job analysis process is essential. Focus of the organisation was on maintaining consistency in the formats and details for matching with the legal aspects. The reason behind not involving the managers and employees in this process is chances of biasedness while constructing the process. This initiative has helped in constructing a better job analysis process. After preparation of the process, it could have been analysed by the manage rs but it was not. It has affected the understanding level of the managers and employees regarding the job description and specifications (York, 2010). Management and up-dation of the job descriptions and specifications of the job: this is the last stage of the process. The focus of this stage was on developing a system for the purpose of keeping the process current, updated and complying with the changes taking place in the industry or legal aspects related to the job. Due to the lack of development of a proper system for keeping the process current updated, the organisation has to repeat the entire process for several years. The dynamic environment has resulted in a change in the jobs in the organisation which has affected the job analysis process adopted by the organisation. Another reason is a change in the technology used or methods used for the job analysis process. A specific person in the HR department of the organisation was not responsible for making sure that the descriptions and job specifications are current and updated (ORourke, 2010). Management issues which need to be considered while designing the job analysis process There are different issues which the organisation is facing while conducting the designing of the job analysis process of the organisation. These issues are related to the management of the organisation, employees of the organisation, change in the business environment and biasedness. These issues affect the job analysis process as well as the performance of the employees and organisation. These issues can result in an increase in misunderstanding among the employees, ineffective job analysis process and lack of clarity among the employees regarding the job (SRR, 2014). Management issues which have been faced by the organisation include lack of support from the management of the organisation due to lack of proper communication, lack of proper knowledge and skills required for the designing of the job analysis process and lack of attention to the designing process of the job analysis process. These issues have affected the designing process of the job analysis process and resulted in developing a less effective job analysis process. These issues have decreased the quality of job analysis process of the business due to which the operations of the organisation are getting affected (Henderson Smith, 2009). Lack of support from the management of the organisation is one of the most important issues related to the management. Support of management is required for ensuring that proper communication the information related to the job analysis process with the managers and employees. Lack of coordination, communication and support affects the output and productivity of the employees as well as organisation. Miscommunication due to lack of support from the management can affect the flow of information between the management and employees. For the purpose of avoiding these types of circumstances, there is a need to communicate in an effective manner with the employees and managers. Job analysis process needs to be analysed by the management on regular intervals for ensuring that effective process has been developed. Lack of support can result in an increase in dependence on the analyst and wrong decisions may get made due to overburden and to finish the designing process of the job analysis pr ocess (Shibly, 2011). Lack of required skills and knowledge among the management regarding the manner in which job analysis process is designed is another issue which needs to be dealt in a proper manner. Skills and knowledge are required for designing an effective job analysis process for the organisation. The absence of these skills and knowledge affects the execution process of the job analysis process. Management plays a vital role in analysing the worth of the jobs and preparing description and specifications. For meeting this objective or role, management needs to develop the skills and knowledge for analysing the worth of the job. Lack of knowledge and skills among the management results in an increase in the dependence on the analyst which can be biased and take decisions for its self-interest. Information or data need to be gathered for the analysis of the worth of the job. Lack of skills and knowledge can affect the data collection process and relationship with the employees of the organisation (Karikari, et. al., 2015). Lack of attention on the part of management to the designing process of the job analysis process is a major issue which affects the effectiveness of the job analysis process as well as increases the cost, time and efforts involved in making amendments in the job analysis process. On the behalf of management, proper attention is required for the analysis process of the worth of the different jobs in an organisation. Performance of the organisation is dependent on the jobs and the manner these jobs are being performed. Lack of attention can result in designing the job analysis process without proper methods and research for gathering data. It can affect the whole process at large as the effectiveness of the process will get affected. Management needs to give proper attention to the process and different stages of the process for overcoming the shortfalls and challenges faced (Antonu, 2010). Manner in which management issues will be dealt In this report, three management related issues affecting the designing process of the job analysis has been discussed. The impact these management related issues can be on the job roles defined, objectives of the business, the performance of the business, the productivity of every employee, the relationship between the management and employees, communication process used for sharing information between management and employees and increase in chances of theft or fraud. All these consequences are the result of management issues faced during the designing phase of the job analysis process. Lack of support from the management of the organisation for designing the job analysis process can result in the development of an ineffective job analysis process. Performance of the employees and organisation is dependent on the job description and specifications specified in the job analysis process on the basis of which worth of the job is analysed (Nagendra Deshpande, 2014). Lack of attention to the designing phase of the job analysis process can affect the job description and specifications described for the job. Other employees may take advantage of the lack of attention on the part of the management of the organisation. It is essential to develop the skills and knowledge among the management regarding the role of job analysis process. These skills and knowledge are used for the purpose of designing an effective job analysis process. The analyst may not perform the duties assigned to it for designing the job analysis process due to lack of control over the management of the organisation. Few techniques or measures need to be adopted for ensuring that these management issues are not affecting the job analysis process and its effectiveness. Measures which can be adopted by the organisation include conducting training sessions, implementation of an effective communication process, assigning authorities for getting the tasks done and regular review of the job analysis process (SHRM, 2012). Training sessions will help in enhancing the knowledge and skills of the management as well as help in focusing on the designing phase of the job analysis process. The training session will help the management in being attentive to the process for ensuring that job analysis process is designed properly. This will help the organisation in reducing the cost as well as the time involved in the process. Communication process needs to be developed which will help the management in communicating with each other. Communication will enhance the flow of information and help the organisation in gathering quality data related to the analysis of the worth of the job. Communication process will reduce the chances of errors or frauds by effective sharing of the information among the organisation (Sinha Thaly, 2013). Tasks or duties need to be divided and assigned to every individual for ensuring that the jobs are done in an effective manner without any delay. This action will fix the responsibility of the members of management towards the organisation. It is vital to set examples for the employees for motivating them. Management can set examples for gaining the support of the employees and motivating them. This approach will encourage the employees to provide their support for designing the job analysis process. A regular check must be kept for ensuring that every member of the management is performing the tasks assigned in an effective manner and being attentive for meeting the targets set. Corrective actions can be taken within the reasonable time for maintaining the effectiveness of the job analysis process (Ekwoaba, et. al., 2015). Recommendations for enhancing the process Few recommendations have been made for enhancing the effectiveness of the process. These recommendations are stated below: Job descriptions and specifications have to be updated as per the requirements of the changing aspects of the business environment. This up-dation needs to be done before starting the recruitment and selection process. Different changes are taking place in the business environment and these changes have the potential to create an impact on the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation. Adopting this recommendation will help the organisation in ensuring that the process is updated as per the changing aspects of the business and not creating any harm to the process and its effectiveness. It will also reduce the efforts and cost of the company as there is no need to develop a new job analysis process for the company (Beck, et. al., 2016). Responsibility for maintaining the job analysis process as per the current needs and updated needs to be assigned to an individual so as to ensure that the individual is set accountable for the responsibility assigned to it. In the case of an organisation, this responsibility was not assigned to a single individual due to which the effectiveness of the job analysis process of the organisation has got affected at large. The periodical review should be done of the jobs for analysing the requirement to change the specifications and description of the job. This approach will help in performing the jobs and roles and responsibilities attached to the job in a better manner. The periodical review will help the organisation in ensuring the changing roles are being performed by the employees in an effective way for the attainment of the objectives of the organisation (Morgeson, et. al., 2016). Managers need to be involved in the review of the draft of the job analysis process for ensuring that the managers are aware of the roles and responsibilities attached to the job. This approach will help the managers in developing understanding among the employees of the organisation. Managers will ensure that the employees have proper knowledge of the role they have to fulfil. It must be ensured that employees are fulfilling the requirements of the job defined in the job analysis process of the organisation. Managers will take a decision whether to get the review of the job analysis process done by the employee or not or if yes, then when and how. Employee participation and communication will be promoted by this approach as managers and employees will be engaged in the framing of the process of the organisation (Crowell, et. al., 2011). Conclusion Information is gathered and analysed regarding the content collected for designing the job analysis process. Job analysis process is an important aspect for every organisation as on the basis of the job analysis, information related to the job is provided, helps in effectual hiring purpose, helpful in construction of the combination of job-employee, observing the methods used for performance assessment and appraisal, determination of the worth of the job for estimating compensation for the job and helping in the process of analysis of the requirements of instruction and process. All these aspects help in describing the role of job analysis process or reason behind the use of job analysis in the organisation. This report has discussed the review of the job analysis process adopted by the organisation for the purpose of evaluating the effectiveness of the job analysis process. It has also discussed the management related issues which are affecting the effectiveness of the job analysis process adopted by the organisation. 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