How To Move Past Cultural Elements Essay Example for Free

How To Move Past Cultural Elements Essay There are two ways in which cultural elemental change must be supported. The first is in the manner of executive support. This is not merely â€Å"yessing† the voiced suggestions of staff. Rather, it is though the changed behavior of the executive that staff will change is well. This is termed as behavioral support. Executives must model the behavior that they want to see in their subordinates. They must also follow the rules that they expect their workers to adhere to until that rule has changed. Help the team members achieve goals that are not only important to the team, but important to the individual team members as well. â€Å"Use every possible communication tool to build commitment and support for the big goal, your organization’s values and the culture you want to create† ( (Heathfield). Leadership is not proven by making unrealistic promises or brutal tactics in order to impress or intimidate. It is proven when an executive means what he says and does what he says. The second way in which cultural elemental change must be supported is the training of the support team. The executive cannot merely expect to perform without ensuring that they have the proper training. A support team cannot be expected to support without a clear interpretation of what is expected and desired of them. Here it is useful to create a value and belief statement that the entire team subscribes to. Change the reward structure and redesign the operational structure to reflect the new organizational culture that is coming in. Bibliography Heathfield. (n. d. ). How to Walk Your Talk, leadership in Action. Retrieved August 09, 2010, from Ask. com: http://humanresources. about. com/cs/managementissues/a/walktalk. htm

Endgame by Samuel Beckett :: essays research papers

As stated by Cohn in her article " 'Endgame': The Gospel According to Sad Sam Beckett" there is much evidence given relating to the many comparable instances between the Bible and Beckett's â€Å"Endgame.† With this interpretation as well as the discussion about the significance of the title, and the constant reference to the end of the world, it is nearly impossible to see Beckett's â€Å"Endgame† as anything other than a post-apocalyptic tale. I found particularly interesting Cohn's relation to Beckett's Hamm and the Bible's Ham. Ham being the son of Noah, as Cohn states, he is responsible for the survival of life. In the Bible, Ham obeys the wishes of his father, and thus God, and devoted his life to the expansion of humanity and the earth's mere existence. As the Noah story tells, God, unhappy with the world, creates a mass flood that kills the entire world's population, barring a male and a female of every species. This boatload of beings was to start th e world anew, to try and make it a better place. If Hamm is supposed to be a comparison to the Biblical Ham, could it not also be considered the Biblical Ham if things had gone wrong? Hamm, throughout the story welcomes the apocalypse, curses God and is contemptuous to his own existence. If the Biblical Ham had been his contemptuous person, could God not have sent yet another apocalypse to yet again end the world and try again? Is Beckett trying to say that it took more than one try for God himself to get it right? I find this a much clearer reading then one of each character being part of the brain. The text supports this in many ways, most already supported by Cohn. Her evidence, however, lead me to this conclusion. Her description of the resurrections also works with this theory. The world had many resurrections, all in the pursuit of a better place. Basically I find this play an instance of "What if?" What if Ham (Biblical) had screwed up? What if God’s great plan of the flood did not work? I also find Beckett's description of the small boy, the glimmer of hope, to be an image of a savior, possibly Jesus. This savior is another attempt by God to make a perfect world. In relating this theory to that of the term "endgame" one can also determine that possible life, humanity is in a constant game with God, or some higher being.

Iago Essay

Karolis 12A H/W Iago is a character who is admired and loathed in the equal measure to what extent is he both a hero and villain of Tragedy? In the play Othello by William Shakespeare Iago gets introduced in act 1 scene 1 where he had been complaining to the audience and Roderigo that he had not been chosen to be the lieutenant but Cassio being chosen instead of him by the likes of Othello. Shakespeare from this scene had shown the audience that Iago will be the Stimulus in the play causing the tragedy in the play because we have seen that he has a motive which is to gain revenge over Othello. This will straight show the audience that he is a villain alike character in this play because of this negative motive he has, so in the beginning of Act 1 Scene 1 Iago will be most likely seen as the villain. But on the other hand the audience might sympathise with Iago because he had not been chosen to be the lieutenant and that his motive understandable but he will still not be seen as the hero but a character some people can relate with, especially in the context this play had been written, The reason are that most people watching this would have been peasants in their society and the only character they would have been able to relate with is Iago. Also that in the context of this play people might have been a racist and not have seen Othello as a hero but Iago being a victim of Othello because his colour and that they might believe that Othello does not deserve being a general. Iago would be most likely seen as a villain to the modern audience because of his mischievous motive and how out of proportion it is from his goal, the audience might feel sympathy for Iago but will most likely not agree what he is doing is a good enough reason to do his plan, but it is possible that the audience say he is a villain but really it is possible that the audience want him to prosper because of his cunning us of him and his plan. The reason for this is because most production of this genre will not be as good without a cunning villain for example in Shakespeare's production â€Å"Much ado about nothing† Don John had been the cunning villain in this play who is much a like to Iago because he had tried to sabotage someone's life who had trusted him with a motive which was out of proportion to his goal with a smart plan. So the modern audience would see Iago most likely as villain but might admire him for how mischievous he is and well thought out plan he had constructed and how in the play starting off in such a bad state he is the poppet master in retrospect Likewise the audience will also have their opinion to Iago's character but might see him differently as the modern audience would see him, at the context of the play there would be two types of audiences one is the peasants and the other will be the rich. The peasants and the rich might see him differently to the rich for example, the peasants might not understand why he wants the reputation but on the other hand the rich would see it differently to the peasants. But peasants with the rich might like him because in this play he is the only character to directly speak to the audience giving a feeling to of actually knowing and that we know he thoughts unlike any other character. So in extent Iago is seen both as a villain and hero to the audience in the Shakespearean times because of the audience differently sympathies with him so I believe he would be more of a villain at that time but they would admire him for the cunning us of his plan, like the modern audience would see him and that he did not let the fact that Othello did not make him the lieutenant drag and that he still tried to gain his reputation from Cassio and ruin the reputation of Othello doing so and since he had been trying to ruin Othello and in the context Othello might have been despised by the audience and might have believed that he should not be such a high ranking because of his colour. In conclusion both the modern audience would see Iago in a similar way but for different reasons, they would most likely see him as the villain but meaning they loaf him but they admire how well thought out his plan actually is and how good he is at lying while he also has become the character who runs t he show, to the extent that he would be loafed is certain but the audience who admire him is most likely to be a bigger proportion to the audience who don't. Furthermore I believe he would also be more seen as a villain because he does not suite the definition of a hero in anyway making him most likely the villain as the audience see him

This Critique Will Review The Article “Stock Or Cash The

This critique will review the article â€Å"Stock or Cash? The Trade-Offs for Buyers and Sellers in Mergers and Acquisitions† by Alfred Rappaport Mark L. Sirower. The purpose of this article is to offer managers and stockholders a new way to think through the process of acquiring or selling a company. Also, this article provides insight about when it would be helpful to use cash, stock, or a mixture of both. According to the article, mergers and acquisitions have become a new means for a company to grow. In years previous, mergers were paid for entirely in cash. Now however, mergers are seen being paid for all in stock. This article allows managers and stockholders to ask themselves necessary questions in order to make the decision that is†¦show more content†¦Also, the shareholders of the acquired company can be more vulnerable to decreases in price of stock because they are assuming part of the price risk in this structure. Companies also have the option of using the fixed value of shares structure. By using this structure, the number of shares does not become fixed until the date that the transaction is closed. This means that the proportion of ownership of the company that is continuing is not know until the end of the deal. With this structure, the acquiring company assumes all the price risk from the time the merger is announced until the time the deal is closed. I found this part of the article to be extremely helpful because the authors broke down the types of structure of the exchange of shares in such a way that even though I was never exposed to these different structures, I was able to understand the key difference between the two. I believe this section of the article could provide valuable insight to mangers in order to help decided what structure they should take if they chose to finance using stock. This article also provides helpful questions for both the acquirer and the seller to consider about the use of stocks or cash. The article provided three questions for the acquirer, two that would help them choose between cash or stock, and one to help them choose betweenShow MoreRelatedFin 534 Week 9 Assignment 1 - Financial Research Report1624 Words   |  7 Pagesconsider as an investment opportunity for your client. (Note: Please ensure that you are able to find enough information about this company in order to complete this assignment. You will create an appendix, in which you will insert related information.) The assignment covers the following topics: †¢Rationale for choosing the company for which to invest †¢Ratio analysis †¢Stock price analysis †¢Recommendations Write a ten to fifteen (10-15) page paper in which you: 1. Provide a rationale for the URead MoreFinancial Research665 Words   |  3 Pagesinformation about this company in order to complete this assignment. You will create an appendix, in which you will insert related information.) The assignment covers the following topics: †¢ Rationale for choosing the company for which to invest †¢ Ratio analysis †¢ Stock price analysis †¢ Recommendations Refer to the following resources to assist with completing your assignment: Stock Selection †¢ Forbes – â€Å"Six Rules to Follow When Picking Stocks† †¢ CNN Money – â€Å"Stocks: Investing in stocks† †¢ The MotleyRead MoreFin 534 Week 9 Assignment 1 Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesFIN 534 WEEK 9 ASSIGNMENT 1 To purchase this visit following link: https://coursehomework.com/product/fin-534-week-9-assignment-1/ Contact us at: HELP@COURSEHOMEWORK.COM FIN 534 WEEK 9 ASSIGNMENT 1 Week 9 Assignment 1: Financial Research Report – Submit Here Students, please view the â€Å"Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment† in the Student Center. Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center. Assignment 1: Financial Research Report Due Week 9 and worth 300 points Read MoreThe M M Theorem1838 Words   |  8 PagesIntroduction This paper explores the MM theorem. It relates to the financial structure we learned from BUS 132 class. Research results I. Assumption The basic MM proposition is based on some key assumptions. Apart from some fundamental assumptions that are always shown in the financial articles such as competitive markets, no taxes, there are also some other important assumptions: No bankrupt costs: There are two kinds of bankruptcy costs: direct costs and indirect costs. Direct bankruptcyRead MoreCapm the Effects of Beta2754 Words   |  12 PagesBackground and Introduction This summary provides a brief overview of Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as an alternative method for estimating expected returns. This paper also discusses the positive and negative effects of CAPM along with the risks of Beta and why this model has its share of drawbacks and critics in the marketplace. The first section will cover the basics of CAPM including its flaws and rewards. Next, the risks of beta and the strengths and weaknesses are discussed in conjunctionRead MoreMath 5404111 Words   |  17 PagesFIN 534 – Financial Management (Prerequisite: ACC 557 or ACC 560) COURSE DESCRIPTION Introduces the concepts of finance. Reviews the basic tools and their use for making financial decisions. Explains how to measure and compare risks across investment opportunities. Analyzes how the firm chooses the set of securities it will issue to raise capital from investors as well as how the firm’s capital structure is formed. Examines how the choice of capital structure affects the value of the firm. PresentsRead MoreMarket Reaction to Stock Split7304 Words   |  30 PagesMARKET REACTION AROUND BONUS ISSUES AND STOCK SPLIT IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Submitted By: NIMISHA.M.BABU 1020251 Under the Guidance of: PROF. ANIRBAN GHATAK CHRIST UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT BANGALORE CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY BONUS ISSUE Bonus issues are simply distribution of additional stocks to the existing shareholders. It is a â€Å"free† issue of shares, without a subscription price, made to existing shareholders in proportion to theirRead MoreMPC summery Essay6731 Words   |  27 Pagesof achieving organizational objectives. Other books: Functions: product (or service) development; operations; marketing/sales; finance. Resource: people; money; machines; information. Processes: objective setting; strategy formulation; control This books focus on control: the backend of management. Objective setting: knowledge of objectives is a necessary prerequisite for the design of any control or MCS and indeed, for any purposeful activates. Strategy formulation: strategies define howRead MoreTN25 Gainesboro Machine Tools Corporati5551 Words   |  23 Pagesmanufacturer needed to decide whether to pay out dividends to the firm’s shareholders, or to repurchase stock. If Swenson chose to pay out dividends, she would have to also decide upon the magnitude of the payout. A subsidiary question is whether the firm should embark on a campaign of corporate-image advertising, and change its corporate name to reflect its new outlook. The case serves as an omnibus review of the many practical aspects of the dividend and share buyback decisions, including (1) signalingRead MoreEssay about Agency Problem26370 Words   |  106 PagesEmerging Markets Review 13 (2012) 516–547 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Emerging Markets Review journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/emr Corporate governance, agency problems and international cross-listings: A defense of the bonding hypothesis☆ G. Andrew Karolyi ⠁Ž Johnson Graduate School of Management, Cornell University, 348 Sage Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA a r t i c l e i n f o Article history: Received 30 June 2011 Received in revised form 6 August

Bulimia Symptoms And Treatments Of Bulimia - 972 Words

â€Å"Bulimia† Have you ever looked at the cover of a magazine and seen a beautiful woman that just looked so thin, and thought â€Å"How in the world did she get that way?† Well like me I’m sure millions of girls have wondered the same thing. Many of them becoming self-conscious, what with our society placing so much emphasis on being thin in order to be attractive. But how thin is too thin? Many girls in this country use some kind of diet or exercise plan but, others take it too far. Bulimia is exactly what taking it to far means. Have you ever met someone who always leaves to go to the bathroom after they finish eating? Perhaps, when they were eating they eat way more then was necessary almost to the point of it being excessive. Maybe this person you know has anxiety, depression, or a poor body image. These are all signs that a person may have Bulimia. (Bulimia Symptoms and Effects. Bulimia. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Oct. 2015.) Bulimia is a psychological disorder w here a person alternates between bingeing and purging their food. Not to be confused with Anorexia which is another psychological disorder where an individual is so afraid of being â€Å"fat† that they eat an unhealthily low amount of food or just don’t eat at all. (Grison, Sarah, Todd F. Heatherton, and Michael S. Gazzaniga. Chapter 10. Psychology in Your Life. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 354-55. Print.) Bulimia on the other hand starts off with an obsession with body image and diet. The individual will then begin a strict dietShow MoreRelated Reducing Symptoms in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder Through Drug Treatment2107 Words   |  9 PagesReducing Symptoms in Bulimia Nervosa and Binge Eating Disorder Through Drug Treatment Bulimia nervosa is a chronic psychiatric disorder that haunts the lives of many young women. The disorder is characterized by frequent episodes of binge eating followed by some sort of purging. The purging usually involves self-induced vomiting and can cause great damage to the body. Persons diagnosed with bulimia nervosa have a loss of control over these behaviors. Affecting the lives of 3-5% of young womenRead MoreEating Disorders And The Treatment Of Bulimia Nervosa Essay914 Words   |  4 PagesTwo-Parent Families in the Treatment of Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa Using Family-Based Treatment? Uchenna Obiagwu University of North Texas Are Single-Parent Families Different from Two-Parent Families in the Treatment of Adolescent Bulimia Nervosa Using Family-Based Treatment? A research was conducted on forty-one 17 years old female adolescent with bulimia nervosa. The purpose of the study was to examine whether family play a vital role for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. It also examine howRead MoreEssay Bulimia Nervosa1311 Words   |  6 PagesBULIMIA NERVOSA 307.51 (F50.2) Introduction Individuals diagnosed with bulimia nervosa undertake frequent binge eating, followed by expelling the food, typically by inducing vomiting, but also through exercising and the use of laxative agents, diuretics, and enemas (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). The binge eating occurrences are often prompted by a negative perception of one’s body image, temporarily alleviated by the binge eating episode. Since the individual with bulimia nervosa is overanxiousRead MoreBulimia Nervosa As A Mental Disorder904 Words   |  4 PagesBulimia Nervosa was first characterized as a mental disorder in 1979 by Gerald F.M. Russell. Bulimia nervosa was initially a variant of anorexia nervosa, but now the disease has its own symptoms, and is distinguished as a psychiatric condition (Palmer, 2005). Bulimia Nervosa seems to occur in adolescents and women between the ages of 14-40. The percentage of men suffering from the disease are about 10% (Farrar, 2014). Patients suffering from the disease place an excessive importance in body imageRead MoreBurden Of A Athlete s Beauty Test1204 Words   |  5 Pagesthat same pressure to stay competitive, in comparison to others around them, that they result to an eating disorder to cope with maintaining that certain standard. Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are both uprising disorders that can be prevented, yet recognizing the different diagnosis criteria, symptoms or warning signs, and treatment options can help someone offer sympathy and support to anyone struggling with either disease. The first difference between the two diseases are their definitionsRead MoreBulimia Nervos Eating Disorder1271 Words   |  6 Pages Bulimia Nervosa Presenting Problem Bulimia Nervosa, also referred to as Bulimia, or Binge-Purge behavior, is an eating disorder in which an individual will engorge themselves with unusually large amounts of food in a short amount of time and purge later. Between eating binges, a person with Bulimia Nervosa will tend to restrict their caloric intake, and by their own preference select foods in which they believe are seemingly â€Å"low in calories†. Often, an individual may feel out of control duringRead MoreBulimia Nervosa: The Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy Essay882 Words   |  4 PagesBulimia, known as Bulimia Nervosa, is a deadly eating disorder in which an individual believes they are fat or overweight. Those individuals lose weight through unhealthy and dangerous methods. The overall desire to be thin and accepted appears to be the main cause of Bulimia. The attitudes about diet and appearance expressed by parents can be a factor. Teens may temporarily become slightly overweight and parents who react n egatively may cause their children to become fearful or anxious about theRead MoreSymptoms And Signs Of Eating Disorders1133 Words   |  5 Pagesare the symptoms and signs of an eating disorder? Well, an eating disorder is a definite disturbance of eating habits or weight-control behavior and it’s not a secondary due to any disorder. Over the past decades studies showed that eating disorders are frequent in women than men. Moreover, an eating disorder could result in a psychological, mental, and physical dysfunctions and disabilities. Just like diabetes, eating disorders are classified into different types: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosaRead MoreEating Disorders : Deterioration Of The Mind1117 Words   |  5 Pageslives of many poor unsuspecting human beings and in some cases, fatally takes lives. This topic presents many things that most people don’t know. Such as the fact that bulimia nervosa has similar symptoms to using the drug heroin! Rotten teeth, pale an d dry skin, and even failing organs are usually signs that someone may have bulimia. There are always key signs and factors to recognizing an eating disorder. Eating disorders are serious. We all should be aware of the affect it has on an individual,Read MoreEating Disorders : Bulimia Nervosa1382 Words   |  6 Pageseating disorders, including bulimia nervosa. During the time I was bulimic, I remember watching movies and fashion shows, then looking at myself in the mirror and thinking â€Å"I’m never going to be skinny enough†. I now realize how wrong I was for punishing myself like that and how much damage I was doing to my body. That’s why I think it’s important for everyone to read about bulimia, because this disorder may go unobserved for years and sometimes, it can be too late. Bulimia can be very consuming and

Views on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Essay

Views on War in Vonneguts Slaughter House Five Many people returned from World War II with disturbing images forever stuck in their heads. Others returned and went crazy due to the many hardships and terrors faced. The protagonist in Slaughter-House Five, Billy Pilgrim, has to deal with some of these things along with many other complications in his life. Slaughter House Five (1968), by Kurt Vonnegut, Jr., is an anti-war novel about a man’s life before, after and during the time he spent fighting in World War II. While Billy is trying to escape from behind enemy lines, he is captured and imprisoned in a German slaughterhouse. The author tells of Billy’s terrible experiences there. After the war, Billy marries and goes to school to†¦show more content†¦The author writes of many different human beings, showing that each one thinks war is ultimately, the worst thing. While in the war, Billy is in the hospital during his imprisonment by the Germans. There is an old general there who was a teacher before joining in the war efforts. One day, in a conversation with Billy and another older man in the hospital, the general starts to talk about what he thinks of the war. He says, You know-- we’ve had to imagine the war here, and we have imagined that it was being fought by aging men like ourselves. We had forgotten that wars were fought by babies. When I saw those freshly shaved faces, it was a shock. ‘My God, my God----’ I said to myself, ‘It’s the Children’s Crusade’ (p. 106). This general feels that war is nothing but babies being murdered by one another. He is disturbed by the thought of war and the fact that so many young people are dying for its cause. Billy, the protagonist of this novel, also has bitter feelings about war. While he is in the zoo on the planet of Tralfamadore, he is able to communicate with the aliens. In a conversation with them, he says that he is from a planet that has been engaged in senseless slaughter since the beginni ng of time (p. 116). This senseless slaughter that he is referring to is war. Billly himself was in the war, but obviously thinks that there is no reason for it and by no meansShow MoreRelatedGeorge Roy Hills Movie Adaptation of Kurt Vonneguts Slaughter-House Five1100 Words   |  5 PagesGeorge Roy Hills movie adaptation of Kurt Vonneguts novel Slaughter-house Five is a fairly accurate version that stays relatively close to Vonneguts own vision. Throughout Vonnegut novel Billy Pilgrim, a WWII soldier who was captured by the Germans and held captive as an American POW (prisoner of war), demonstrates several extreme compulsive tendencies due to the horrific events he witnessed as an American POW victim. After reading of Billy’s experiences, I did not have faith in the movies abilityRead MoreEssay about Slaughterhouse-Five: A Peace Novel1419 Words   |  6 PagesWar is a tragic experience that can motivate people to do many things. Many people have been inspired to write s tories, poems, or songs about war. Many of these examples tend to reflect feelings against war. Kurt Vonnegut is no different and his experience with war inspired him to write a series of novels starting with Slaughter-House Five. It is a unique novel expressing Vonneguts feelings about war. These strong feeling can be seen in the similarities between characters, information aboutRead MoreInfluence of Early Lifa and War on Kurt Vonnegut Jr. to Encourage a Generation Against War 2263 Words   |  10 PagesInfluence of Early Life and War on Kurt Vonnegut Jr. to Encourage a Generation Against War Kurt Vonnegut Jr. is one of the most well known World War II authors. His humble beginnings and early life misfortunes shaped not only his writings, but also his view of the world. His imprisonment in Dresden in World War II, however, formed his opinions about war at an early age and later inspired many of his works and style of writing. After the returning from World War II, Vonnegut voiced his sentimentsRead MoreThe Life and Writings of Kurt Vonnegut Essay2248 Words   |  9 Pagesmost successful novelist in the Post-Second World War period in the America. His literary works have had varied impacts on American culture, including the use of the word â€Å"karass† amongst college students, the naming of the pop groups â€Å"Ice Nine Kills† and â€Å"The Billy Pilgrims†, and the frequent use of the term â€Å"So it goes† as written in Vonnegut’s obituary on the New York Times (Farrell, p.ix). This article examines the impacts of Vonnegutâ₠¬â„¢s on his literary work. It reviews the influences ofRead More The Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Da3375 Words   |  14 PagesThe Thought-experiments in Kurt Vonneguts Slaughterhouse Five or the Childrens Crusade: A Duty Dance With Death In 1945 Kurt Vonnegut witnessed a horrific series of bombings that led to the destruction of the German city of Dresden, where he was taken as a prisoner of war. The controversial fire-storm raid, carried out by bombers of the Royal Air Force and US Air Force, took casualties of up to a quarter million people (Klinkowitz x-xi). As a prisoner of war, Vonnegut was forced to participateRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five, By Kurt Vonnegut1655 Words   |  7 Pagesit is simple to imagine timelessness as a house built on no beams or supports, or like a body with no bones to support its flesh. To deny this fact is to deny the term jetlag; any minute disturbances in the natural sense of time in the human body which causes distress in the sleep cycle. Thus our lives are structured and to a degree controlled by time. This almost unbelievable reality is brought into light by Kurt Vonnegut the author of Slaughterhouse-Five; the protagonist of this brilliant novel

Impact of Low Interest Rate

Question: Demonstration of a clear understanding of the issues. Use of academic models. Clear focussed understanding of a topic. Critical analysis is an important test of the students ability to evaluate business economics concepts. Answer: Introduction Financial market faces challenges and difficulties as there is a variation in the rate of interest. The rate of interest is set by the central bank of a country. They decide whether to pump out money from the economy or to inject money within the economy. They alter the rate of interest in order to control money supply (Bankofengland.co.uk, 2016). The rate of interest has other impacts in the economy. This paper reviews the impact of interest rate with the help of one microeconomic framework and one macroeconomic theory. The interest of British economy has been low since 2009. The paper will focus to review the effect of low interest rate on the economy of United Kingdom. Low Rate of Interest in British Economy Interest rate is the charge of borrowing money. Before, analysing the effects of low rate of interest in United Kingdom, some common effects of low interest rate will be discussed. From the basic microeconomic theory, the change in the behaviour of individual firm or consumer can be analysed. Low rate of interest encourages the firms to hold more capital. In order to acquire more capital, the desire for loanable fund increases. In contrast, when the interest rate is high, less capital will be demanded and this will in turn lower the demand for borrowing. Hence, the demand for loanable money is inversely related to the interest rate. The curve is hence downward sloping. Similarly when the interest rate is higher, the lender finds it more attractive to lend fund, as he will get more in return. Therefore, the supply of loanable fund rises. When the yield rate is lower, the lender is less likely to lend fund. As a result of this the supply of loanable fund decreases. Therefore, the amoun t of loanable fund in directly related to the interest rate. The curve is hence upward sloping. The demand and supply curves for the available loanable money are represented in the following diagram. Figure 1: Demand and Supply of Loanable Fund Now, the paper will review macroeconomic effect of low rate of interest. Macroeconomic theory of interest rate develops from microeconomic idea. However, in this case, the economy is considered as a whole. Hence, the effect of interest rate can be described with the help of the macroeconomic model of aggregate demand and aggregate supply. The constituents of aggregate demand are: Consumption; government expenditure; investment and net trade surplus. This can be represented in the following equation: AD = Consumption (C) + Government Expenditure (G) + Investment + (Export Import). Investment is a negative function of interest rate. When the rate of interest rises, the investor does not invest much. When the rate of interest is lower, the investors are encouraged to invest. Since, investment is one of the components of Aggregate demand, therefore a change in interest rate indirectly affect the aggregate demand. When interest rate rises, the aggregate demand falls due to fall in the in vestment (Kiley 2012). Similarly, when rate of interest decreases the aggregate demand rises due to an increase in the investment. This can be represented in the following diagram. Figure 2: Effect of Interest on Aggregate Demand From the above diagram, it can be said that when interest rate is low, collective demand curve moves to the right. When the interest rate is high, aggregate demand curve moves to the left. Apart from variation in the aggregate demand, the yield rate also alters the price level in the economy. As observed in the above diagram, the low rate of interest leads to a rise in the inflation rate; and in contrast the high interest rate keeps price level low. Based on the above theories, the paper will analyse the impact of low interest rate on British economy over last seven years. Since, March 2009, the rate of interest at UK reached a record low level of 0.5% (Swanson and Williams 2014). This level is constant till the date. The following diagram represents the trend in rate of interest rate at UK economy., Figure 3: Interest rate in United Kingdom Source: Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 The economy of UK is affected by the low rate of interest in number of ways, as follows: Prior to global crisis, the interest rate was quite high in the economy of UK, and duo to the crisis, it has fallen significantly. During 2009, it cut back its rate of interest to a record low and since then GDP of UK has improved. This is due to the fact that, low interest has incresed the aggregate demand, as a result of which more goods and services are produced in the economy and thus GDP of the nation has increased. Hence it has stimulated the economic growth. This is repressented in the following diagram. Figure 4: GDP in United Kingdom Source : Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 Another impact of low interest rate in the economy of UK is that, housing prices at this country has risen rapidly. This is because the low interest rate made it more beneficial to buy assets. The rise in demand for assets has increased price of the assets faster than the increase in the wage of the UK economy. The low cost of borrowing has inflated the housing price bubble in UK economy (Ferrero2015). This has increased the wealth but it is troublesome for the first time buyer of houses. The low interest rate has decreased the return from nominal savings that is almost close to zero. Hence, people are less likely to save. But some rate of saving is necessary for future. The young generation tends to save less, which might affect them during the time of retirement. More over the low saving rate also affected the investment, as without a flow of savings investment cannot be funded (Balassa 2013). However, the low rate of interest helps the bank to improve its balance sheet and its capacity to spend. However, the low rate reduced the availability of mortgages. So even if the demand for borrowing is high but bank cannot provide loan due to lack of deposits (Sentance, 2015). The unemployment rate is inversely related to the rate of inflation. A low rate of interest leads to rise in the price level, which will reduce the unemployment rate. The unemployment rate started to decline in this economy. The Bank of England might revise the rate of interest if it thinks that the low rate of interest is causing the inflation rate to rise. Hence, to control inflation in the economy the central bank of this country can raise the interest rate. By reducing inflation rate the country can accelerate the unemployment rate. Hence, before taking such decision, the central bank will analyse its consequences. It was stated by the Bank of England that once the unemployment rate comes below 7% they will raise the rate of interest (Pwc.blogs.com, 2015). But in the British economy, in spite of low interest rate of interest the inflation is controlled. Rather the rate was negative during 2015. This situation is called deflation, where the output of the economy tends to fall (Blanchard, Furceri,and Pescatori 2014). Therefore, to maintain a growth of the economy, the Bank of England will continue to keep its interest at a low level. Moreover, if the Bank of England raises the interest rate for the fir st time since the economic crisis, it is expected to give an adverse shock to the confidence of the British economy. The low rate of interest encourages the consumer to buy more, this will increase the import of the nation, and this will lead to fall in current account. It is evident that the low rate of interest has adversely affected the current account of the British economy, which is represented in the following diagram. Figure 5: Current Account in United Kingdom Source: Tradingeconomics.com, 2016 The current account has been negative in the economy of UK. This negative balance can be considered as a contribution of the low rate of interest. Hence, in this respect it can be expected from the central bank of this nation, to increase the interest rate. Moreover, the lower interest rate causes the currency of the country to depreciate; this makes the export more competitive. The higher is the rate of interest, the stronger will be the currency. In contrast, the lower interest rate weakens the currency of the country. Hence, if the Bank of England wants to depreciate the currency it can lower the rate of interest and if it wants to appreciate its currency, it will raise the rate of interest. The higher value of the currency will attract the foreign investment, as investor would like to invest in a country where the currency is strong. Similarly, lower interest rate will discourage the foreign investors as the domestic currency is not strong. Therefore, in some cases, the low inter est rate attributed positively in the economy of UK, and in some cases, it faces difficulties. Therefore, the Bank of England will act according to the severity of the effect. Conclusion The above discussion focuses on the microeconomic and macroeconomic effects of low rate of interest. The low rate of interest has been persisting in the UK economy for considerable years. It has affected the British economy in several ways. The role of bank of England has been discussed in controlling the impact of low interest rate. It is the only governing body that can directly change the rate of interest and control the economic performances (Chan, 2015). References Balassa, B., 2013. The effects of interest rates on savings in developing countries.PSL Quarterly Review,43(172). Bankofengland.co.uk., 2016.How does monetary policy work? | Bank of England. [online] Available at: https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetarypolicy/pages/how.aspx [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Blanchard, O.J., Furceri, D. and Pescatori, A., 2014. A prolonged period of low real interest rates?.Secular stagnation: facts, causes and cures, p.101. Chan, S., 2015.Who sets UK interest rates?. [online] Telegraph.co.uk. Available at: https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/bank-of-england/11755220/Who-sets-UK-interest-rates.html [Accessed 21 Mar. 2016]. Ferrero, A., 2015. House price booms, current account deficits, and low interest rates.Journal of Money, Credit and Banking,47(S1), pp.261-293. Kiley, M.T., 2012. 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