Ecosystems and Environmental Discourse :: Essays Papers

Ecosystems and Environmental DiscourseWhat is an ecosystem? At first glance, this seems to be a straightforward question, one to be answered by surroundingsal scientists. However, the nonion of an ecosystem, or more specifically, the action that posits the existence of an ecosystem, raises a series of questions that challenge some basic assumptions about the environment. For instance, is an ecosystem a concrete object in the equal way that a stone or a tree is? Or instead, is an ecosystem a set of interactions between such objects?While ecosystems do indeed exist, it is not without dramatic changes in our epistemology that we can speak of such objects without contradiction. Most importantly, we must acknowledge that the existence of ecosystems is contingent on human society. Environmental scientists certainly get an important role in describing ecosystems and in prescribing correct management of these systems, but we miss an important aspect of humanitys role in the environment if we see ecosystems as discrete objects that exist independent of human society. Then what is an ecosystem? An ecosystem is a concept constructed by human society that aids us in perceiving an amazingly complex structure of interactions. This construction is rooted fundamentally in our language and the intervention that surrounds environmental issues. As such, the concept of discourse and the practice of discourse analysis are vital to understanding what an ecosystem might be. While there are advantages to seeing ecosystem as concrete objects, it is my intention in this section to attract an alternative view of ecosystems that is rooted in postpositivistic, postmodern analysis of reality. Hopefully, such analysis will also be useful in analyzing other concepts pertinent to environmental issues. To approach this alternative view, I will outline the concept of discourse as formulated by Michel Foucault, summarize the views and extension of post-Foucauldian discourse uninflected t heorists, and finally, apply these concepts to the question of ecosystems. Throughout, I will address the epistemological changes implicit in discourse analysis.A discourse is an institutionalized way of speaking that determines not only what we say and how we say it, but also what we do not say. Originating in the field of linguistics, the term discourse initially referred to whole units of dialect (conversations) and the speech community in which these units were communicated. William Labov (1972) and other sociolinguists have used discourse analysis primarily as a descriptive tool, leaving epistemological and postmodern considerations aside.

Brave New World :: essays research papers

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is a novel that takes place in Utopia. Yet in this ideal place everyone is conditioned to be happy, it is a place where various things such as the arts are restricted so all spate will be synchronized in thinking. Love and commitment does not exist but sort of everyone belongs to everyone else. This place is also a place where configuration holidays help people escape from their realities and never have its society feel any kind of distress or illness. This place was not Utopia to John the Savage, it was rather a place of hell and torment which none of the things he enjoyed and loved existed. In the novel, freedom of the individual will is one of the fundamental beliefs at the theme of human ideals. While the purlieu or the public human beings (society) plays some part in forming the psyche of an individual, it is in the end, the choice of the individual (John) to be who they go badThe whole concept of Brave New World contradicts to everything John ever believed in. John came from a valet de chambre where art and expression of variation from the society existed. sight must face their problems and overcome them, and love requires commitment and is greatly appreciated. John was rather a Renaissance man detain in a world where none of his necessities in life existed. He was disgusted at their orgy-porgies, their belief of take, take, take not give, give, give. Total happiness did not exist to John in a world which lacked expression of the arts. It was rather total torment. Throughout the novel John continues to fight and believe for what he believes in while the surrounding environment continues to pressure him and submerge him into Utopian ways of life.The conflicts which were faced upon his arrival were of devastation. His life grew lonelier and lonelier each day with his dissatisfaction with the crude nature and refined society of the Utopians. He was trapped in a tedious world where there was nothing to do. John symb olizes the artist or the believer striving for ecstasy. Yet in a world of synchronized life, lack of arts, unrequited love, and runaways it is impossible to find ecstasy. He finds nothing worth living for in the ordinary world and strongly regrets his advance of the reservation in coming to this boring world. Clearly he is the image of a man trying to liberate himself from his own egotism.

Brave New World :: essays research papers

Brave New World by Aldous Huxley is a novel that takes place in Utopia. Yet in this ideal place everyone is conditioned to be happy, it is a place where various things such as the arts are restricted so all masses will be synchronized in thinking. Love and commitment does not exist but quite a everyone belongs to everyone else. This place is also a place where anatomy holidays help people escape from their realities and never have its society feel any kind of distress or illness. This place was not Utopia to John the Savage, it was rather a place of hell and torment which none of the things he enjoyed and loved existed. In the novel, freedom of the individual will is one of the fundamental beliefs at the bloodline of human ideals. While the surround or the public globe (society) plays some part in forming the psyche of an individual, it is in the end, the choice of the individual (John) to be who they takeThe whole concept of Brave New World contradicts to everything John ever believed in. John came from a mankind where art and expression of variation from the society existed. sight must face their problems and overcome them, and love requires commitment and is greatly appreciated. John was rather a Renaissance man detain in a world where none of his necessities in life existed. He was disgusted at their orgy-porgies, their belief of take, take, take not give, give, give. Total happiness did not exist to John in a world which lacked expression of the arts. It was rather total torment. Throughout the novel John continues to fight and believe for what he believes in while the surrounding environment continues to pressure him and submerge him into Utopian ways of life.The conflicts which were faced upon his arrival were of devastation. His life grew lonelier and lonelier each day with his dissatisfaction with the crude nature and refined society of the Utopians. He was trapped in a tedious world where there was nothing to do. John symbolizes the artist o r the believer striving for ecstasy. Yet in a world of synchronized life, lack of arts, unrequited love, and runaways it is impossible to find ecstasy. He finds nothing worth living for in the ordinary world and strongly regrets his forget of the reservation in coming to this boring world. Clearly he is the image of a man trying to liberate himself from his own egotism.

Psychoanalytic Theory

In this paper I depart be discourseing intimately the founder of the psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud. Who came up with many shipway to find out why we do the things we do and ideate the way we destine. Sigmund Freud was an awe few mind that thought things and put it on paper that we might would esteem was too offending to others. Throughout the decades his work has been deciphered by many people who try to make disposition of it, and in this paper I will try to let you issue what understanding I got from the course sessions.When it comes to compare and contrasting the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Alfred Alder, I felt wish well Sigmund Freud had the most, wide range of theories and the broader range of thoughts passim his readings. One thing that Alder touched on that throw me is the fact that we all some kind of way are coming into our personality as a squirt while suckling on our moms breast. another(prenominal) thing that puzzl ed me about(predicate) Alder is that our personality comes from a form of sexuality, like the chin wag he made about every mavin having a crush on their go at an early age and mainly boys but girls as well.From what I read though is that the female will stop that sexual connection with their mother and transfer it to their dad, and it was said its because they dont put one across a penis. It seems to me that all of Alders query was more on how people think from sexuality experiences quite than any life experiences. On the other hand there is Jung who wrote that the visions and dreams he often see were not unimportant coincidences, but instead were valuable communication theory of information from the realm of the paranormal.This I also found really puzzling because we all know that we have dreams but have never thought that the dreams or thoughts came from another realm. Jungs ego is quite similar in scope and meaning to Freuds. It is the brass of personality thats conscio us, and it embodies the sense of self. (Jung believed that this personal identity, or ego, substantial around age four. ) One of the central ways in which Adlers views differed from those of Freud was the emphasis from each one placed on the origin of motivation.REF Throughout my reading about Jung I found that his theories made more sense than those of Freud, mainly because Freuds theories were base on a persons sexuality which I find terrible to believe mainly because of the fact that his theories are based on sex. Whereas Jungs theories made more sense to me as far as him quoting that our dreams are like an iceberg, with dreams being bigger than what they appear to be and our collective unconscious that we quartert control is our past elders.When it comes to Alder I retrieve like his psychoanalytic theories makes a lot of sense also because he feels like everyone has their take unique motivations on why they make the decisions they make in life and also how that individual person perceives the life that they have been raised around. What is significant about Adlers notion is that it involves comparisons and rivalries with other people. For Adler, social interest is a primary source of motivation. The internal drives emphasized by Freud are complemented by external pressures, in particular those arising from relationships.REF When it comes to the distributor points of Freuds theory, its very interesting on how he broke down the shows. The first one I want to talk to you about is the Oral symbolize in which he says that you are like a child thats depending on their mother for milk and comfort and pleasure. Also he felt like that if you carry this Oral stage oer into your adult life that you would develop habits like attachment, and also have pleasure from biting, chewing, sucking hard candy, eating or smoking cigarettes.The next stage is the anal retentive stage in which he talked how as kids we learned to use the pot, and those of us who learned mobile and was willing to use the bathroom would shake the Anal stage and the ones who would want to hold their feces would likely be stuck in the anal stage. Also he stated that these certain people would like to make messes and also making messes of other peoples lives. (Or they may be overly concerned with neatness, parsimony, order, and organizationREF) The next stage is the phallic stage in where he says a child starts touching their genitals and participates in masturbation.This stage seemed odd to me because I cant discard masturbating at the age of four. The next stage is the genital stage in which he states that if you make it through all the challenges of childhood with enough sexual strength still left then there will purportedly be a fairly well-adjusted life, dominated by the genital stage. When it comes to the defense mechanisms of Freud repression is one that I can affect to simply because as a child my father left the house and was gone for many birthdays which m ade me not affirm men.That plays on in my mind now that I have a two year old son of my own, that I would never leave his status and will always be there as foresightful as God is willing. Another defense mechanism is denial and I can relate to that also because when my granddad passed away it was hard on me and I was in denial of not wanting to accept that he was gone and Id never see him again. Another defense mechanism that I could relate to is sublimation in which I transform my dangerous urges into positive ones. One way that I do this is by helping out at the local anesthetic boys club and helping my elders as much as possible.In conclusion Freud, Jung, and Alder had wide minds on them that impoverishmented to be wrote down with every thought. Because end-to-end my time on this earth I have never heard people talk so openly about why people do the things they do and think the way they think. As I went over the readings I could only think what type of life these people re ally lived. Also some of the points they made about certain things really made sense especially the oral stage. We need great minds like that in our world to make sense of things like why things happen the way they do.Psychoanalytic TheoryIn this paper I will be talking about the founder of the psychoanalytic theory, Sigmund Freud. Who came up with many ways to find out why we do the things we do and think the way we think. Sigmund Freud was an awesome mind that thought things and put it on paper that we might would think was too offending to others. Throughout the decades his work has been deciphered by many people who try to make sense of it, and in this paper I will try to let you know what understanding I got from the readings.When it comes to comparing and contrasting the psychoanalytic theories of Sigmund Freud, Carl Gustav Jung, and Alfred Alder, I felt like Sigmund Freud had the most, wide range of theories and the broader range of thoughts throughout his readings. One thing that Alder touched on that puzzled me is the fact that we all some kind of way are coming into our personality as a child while suckling on our moms breast. Another thing that puzzled me about Alder is that our personality comes from a form of sexuality, like the comment he made about everyone having a crush on their mother at an early age and mainly boys but girls also.From what I read though is that the female will stop that sexual connection with their mother and transfer it to their dad, and it was said its because they dont have a penis. It seems to me that all of Alders research was more on how people think from sexuality experiences rather than any life experiences. On the other hand there is Jung who wrote that the visions and dreams he often experienced were not unimportant coincidences, but instead were valuable communications of information from the realm of the paranormal.This I also found really puzzling because we all know that we have dreams but have never thought th at the dreams or thoughts came from another realm. Jungs ego is quite similar in scope and meaning to Freuds. It is the aspect of personality thats conscious, and it embodies the sense of self. (Jung believed that this personal identity, or ego, developed around age four. ) One of the central ways in which Adlers views differed from those of Freud was the emphasis each placed on the origin of motivation.REF Throughout my reading about Jung I found that his theories made more sense than those of Freud, mainly because Freuds theories were based on a persons sexuality which I find hard to believe mainly because of the fact that his theories are based on sex. Whereas Jungs theories made more sense to me as far as him quoting that our dreams are like an iceberg, with dreams being bigger than what they appear to be and our collective unconscious that we cant control is our past elders.When it comes to Alder I feel like his psychoanalytic theories makes a lot of sense also because he feels like everyone has their own unique motivations on why they make the decisions they make in life and also how that individual person perceives the life that they have been raised around. What is significant about Adlers notion is that it involves comparisons and rivalries with other people. For Adler, social interest is a primary source of motivation. The internal drives emphasized by Freud are complemented by external pressures, especially those arising from relationships.REF When it comes to the stages of Freuds theory, its very interesting on how he broke down the stages. The first one I want to talk to you about is the Oral stage in which he says that you are like a child thats depending on their mother for milk and comfort and pleasure. Also he felt like that if you carry this Oral stage over into your adult life that you would develop habits like attachment, and also have pleasure from biting, chewing, sucking hard candy, eating or smoking cigarettes.The next stage is the Anal stage in which he talked how as kids we learned to use the pot, and those of us who learned quick and was willing to use the bathroom would shake the Anal stage and the ones who would want to hold their feces would likely be stuck in the anal stage. Also he stated that these certain people would like to make messes and also making messes of other peoples lives. (Or they may be overly concerned with neatness, parsimony, order, and organizationREF) The next stage is the phallic stage in where he says a child starts touching their genitals and participates in masturbation.This stage seemed odd to me because I cant recall masturbating at the age of four. The next stage is the genital stage in which he states that if you make it through all the challenges of childhood with enough sexual energy still left then there will supposedly be a fairly well-adjusted life, dominated by the genital stage. When it comes to the defense mechanisms of Freud repression is one that I can relate to simply because as a child my father left the house and was gone for many birthdays which made me not trust men.That plays on in my mind now that I have a two year old son of my own, that I would never leave his side and will always be there as long as God is willing. Another defense mechanism is denial and I can relate to that also because when my granddad passed away it was hard on me and I was in denial of not wanting to accept that he was gone and Id never see him again. Another defense mechanism that I could relate to is sublimation in which I transform my dangerous urges into positive ones. One way that I do this is by helping out at the local boys club and helping my elders as much as possible.In conclusion Freud, Jung, and Alder had great minds on them that needed to be wrote down with every thought. Because throughout my time on this earth I have never heard people talk so openly about why people do the things they do and think the way they think. As I went over the readings I cou ld only think what type of life these people really lived. Also some of the points they made about certain things really made sense especially the oral stage. We need great minds like that in our world to make sense of things like why things happen the way they do.

Vegeterain vs. Meat Eaters

Vegetarians vs. Meat Eaters Introduction Vegetarianism is adopted by many individuals as way of living life. Vegetarianism is the voluntary temperance from consuming meat. The issue is whether or not a vegetarian nutriment is truly safer than a diet compriseing of meat. Individuals adopt a vegetarian lifestyle for different reasons. Some of the reasons consist of religious or ethical beliefs, or health reasons. Vegetarian diets are similarly recommended as a medicinal diet for individuals poor from heart disease, flake 2 diabetes, and high cholesterol.The results of a vegetarian diet may seem advantageous, but the safety of a vegetarian diet is questionable. Some individuals consider vegetarianism to be the healthiest way of living. On the former(a) hand, severe consequences occur when relying solely on vegetables as a way of life. The ingestion of meat in a diet is necessary to obtain the food for thoughts not provided in vegetables. Vegetarianism In 1847, the term vegetari anism was coined by the bringers of the Vegetarian Society of Great Britain. use of goods and services of only vegetables, have existed since the creation of diets.Increases of food not containing meat have increase since the 1990s. Most of the increases occurred because doctors and medical organizations stated that limiting meat intake could result in a less chance of developing degenerative diseases. The vegetarian lifestyle dates seat to one of the oldest cultures, the Hindus. Hindus consume a vegetarian diet because of their religious beliefs. Based on Hindu beliefs, beauty, good memory, and longer life spans are possessed, if meat is not consumed. Beliefs, much(prenominal) as the Hindus, differ depending on the culture.Vegetarianism is as well as used as a way of treating common illnesses. Currently, many individuals suffer from illnesses such as high cholesterol, type 2 diabetes, and heart disease. In some cases, the implementation of an all vegetable diet has been incorp orated to help patheticer the effects related to these conditions. In patients suffering from cancer, vegetarianism is used as a dietary therapy treatment. Vegetarianism is used to treat one of Americas largest conditions, obesity. In 2008, the medical costs associated with individuals suffering from obesity were nearly $147 billion (CDC, 2012).Implementing a vegetarian diet is one way to reduce the excess tip of obese individuals and lower medical costs. Implementing an all-vegetable diet is easy to implement and it is an frugal practice for aiding in the treatment of medical conditions. Limitations of Vegetarianism Vegetarianism may be beneficial, but the deficiencies that occur as a result of this diet, outweigh the benefits. According to the governmental provender Guide profit, five sources of foods should be consumed in order to supply the body with essential nutrients. The five food sources are milk, bread, fruit, vegetable, and meat groups.These dietary guidelines were created to help individuals stick out a healthier lifestyle. When a necessary nutrient is removed from the body, complications may begin to occur. Restricting meat from the body produces a deficiency in the nutrients need for the body to lean properly (Timko, 2012). The nutrients that the body loses on an all-vegetable diet consist of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Vitamin B-12, Calcium, and atomic number 26. Omega-3 productive acids are a type of nutrient that is not manufactured by the body, but is essential. This nutrient must be obtained through an individuals diet, which would have to consist of fish.Omega-3 has the ability to slow the discipline of atherosclerosis, it is an anti-inflammatory, it lowers triglyceride levels, and it helps with depression. When foods are not consumed that contain this nutrient, individuals face a higher chance of developing cancer, cardiovascular disease, brain development complications, and inflammation (Timko, 2012). Vitamin B-12 is a nutrient that is constitute in the protein of animals, dairy, eggs, seafood, and plants (Web M. D. , 2012). Although B-12 is found in plants, it cannot be consumed by humans.Therefore, the consumption of meat is necessary. Vitamin B-12 is necessary for the body because it prevents the blood levels in the body from becoming too low (Web M. D. , 2012). When the body lacks Vitamin B-12, serious conditions may occur such as anemia (lack of healthy red blood cells) or irreversible nerve damage. The consumption of Vitamin B-12 also helps treat and prevents anemia, memory loss, unhealthy immune systems, loss of energy and concentration, and heart disease (Web M. D. , 2012) Calcium is the third deficiency occurring from restricting meat from the body.Dairy products provide the superior source of calcium for the body. About 70% of the United States receives calcium from dairy products (MedicineNet, 2012). The body depends on calcium for the production of strong bones. Calcium also helps the lungs, heart , and muscles to function properly (Mayo, 2012). When the body lacks calcium, it could result in low bone mass production which leads to osteoporosis (Mayo, 2012). The final nutrient lost in a vegetarian diet is iron. Iron is important because it aids in the transferenceation of oxygen throughout the body (MedicineNet, 2012).When the body lacks iron, individuals tend to feel fatigued and immune function decreases. To counteract the contact of fatigue, it is important to consume meats that contain iron. Disadvantages of Vegetarianism The lifestyle of a vegetarian has drawbacks that could result into long term issues for individuals. The vegetarian lifestyle requires individuals to replace the nutrients received from meat, by using other products. numerous vegetarians use cheese and other daily products to provide calcium and vitamins with their meals. Depending strictly on vegetables does not mean that an individual will be healthier.When individuals supplement limited products t o make up for what they lack in meat, it could cause excessive weight gain over the years (Lunan, 2011). In an article authorize Vegetarians Beware the Carbs and Cheese, 29,138 vegetarians and non-vegetarians were surveyed. The results showed that womanish vegetarians were no healthier than meat-eating females. On the other hand, male vegetarians suffered from gastrointestinal and musculoskeletal symptoms (Lunan, 2011). Mental disorders have the ability to affect numerous types of individuals, including vegetarians.In an article entitled Vegetarian Diet and Mental Disorders, based on a community survey, vegetarians were highly associated with having mental disorders (Michalak, 2012). The study showed how vegetarians had an elevated rate for mental disorders such as depressive disorders, trouble disorders, and somatoform disorders. The study also showed that once a vegetarian diet was adopted, then a mental disorder followed the start of the diet (Michalak, 2012). When vegetarians restrict their body of what it needs, such as meat, it begins to affect the mind as well.It is mentally unsafe for a person to consume an all-vegetable diet. If consumption of only vegetables causes an individual to gain a mental disorder, it is straightforward that this is an unhealthy choice to adopt. Anorexia is another serious condition that younger female vegetarians face. Some dieticians believe that teenagers who are limiting themselves to a vegetable only diet are also setting themselves up to developing anorexia nervosa (Vegetarian or Anorexic? , 1999). This disorder typically affects young females. Anorexia causes individuals to eat as less as possible, which causes malnourishment.When this occurs, it also increases the risk of developing high blood pressure, hormone imbalances, liver problems, and slow heart beats. Being a vegetarian gives individuals an excuse to worry about what they eat and to be overly cautious. When a younger female avoids food, she is typically av oiding it for the wrong reasons. The disadvantages that result from living a lifestyle of a vegetarian have the ability to cause unsafe illnesses. take in right, including all of the five food groups in a daily diet, is safer than adopting a diet that can have negative results in the future.Benefits of Meat Consumption Contrary to what close vegans think, important benefits are derived from consuming meat. The first benefit that individuals receive from meat is protein. Meats contain a large amount of proteins that are beneficial to the body. When protein is in the body, it allows for building of body tissues, repairing of damages muscles, and production of antibodies used to fight infections. Amino acids are also found in meats, which aid in modify the bodys immune system (Medical Daily, 2012).Meat contains all of the amino acids therefore it is one of the best sources of protein. Not only does it provide protein for the body, it also helps to maintain your skin. A second benef it of consuming meat is that it contains three important nutrients iron, selenium, and zinc. Iron is important because it aids in the production of hemoglobin in the body. It also helps transport oxygen thought the body (Medical Daily, 2012). Selenium is a mineral that is essential to good health, but has to be consumed in an individuals diet. Selenium is found in crab, liver, fish, and poultry.This mineral is necessary because it breaks down chemicals and fats in the body. Zinc is an important mineral because it aids in metabolism and formation of tissue (Medical Daily, 2012). Vitamins are a very important part of every individual diet. Consuming meats allows the body to receive vitamins that are necessary for it to function properly. Vitamins A, B, and D are three of the most important vitamins that the body needs. These vitamins promote strong bones and teeth, good mental health, nervous system support, and better vision. ConclusionRestricting a diet to only vegetable intake does not guarantee that a vegetarian in healthier than an individual that consumes meat. Vegetarians do benefit from this type of lifestyle because they may have lower cholesterol, less weight gain, and lower risks of developing illnesses. On the other hand, restricting meat from a diet results in numerous complications. The loss of nutrients such as iron, calcium, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids, are a tremendous disadvantage for vegetarians. Vegetarians may suffer from anorexia, mental disorders, and gastrointestinal problems.When changing a diet causes more harm than good, the best finale is to give the body the nutrients it was designed to receive. References Centers for Disease Control and taproom (CDC). Obesity August 13, 2012 http//www. cdc. gov/obesity/data/adult. html Deckere, E. A. , European Journal of Cancer Prevention Possible beneficial effect of fish and fish n3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in breast and colorectal cancer July 1999 http//www. livestrong. com/article/314378 -what-is-purpose-of-omega-3-fatty-acids/ Food Guide Pyramid 2012 http//www. nal. usda. gov/fnic/Fpyr/pmap. tm Lunan, K. , Vegeterians Beware of Carbs and Cheese Vol. 124 Issue 37, P. 60-61, 2011 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Calcium and Calcium Supplements 1998-2012 http//www. mayoclinic. com/health/calcium-supplements/MY01540 Medical Daily, 3 Benefits of Eating Meat 2012 http//www. medicaldaily. com/articles/3971/20101119/3-benefits-of-eating-meat. htm MedicineNet. , Vegeterian and Vegan Diet 1996-2012 http//www. medicinenet. com/vegetarian_and_vegan_diet/page2. htm Michalak, J. , Xiao Chi Z. , Jacobi, F. Vegeterian diet and Mental Disorders Results from a Representative Community Survey International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition & Physical action 2012, Vol. 9 Issue 1, p 67-76 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Taepavarapruk, P. , Journal of Neurochemistry Reductions of acetylcholine release an d nerve growth factor expression are correlated with memory impairment bring on by interleukin-1beta administrations effects of omega-3 fatty acid EPA treatment December 2009 http//www. livestrong. com/article/314378-what-is-purpose-of-omega-3-fatty-acids/ Timko, A. Dietary Restriction A Comparison of Vegetarians and Non-Vegetarians Eating Disorders Review Vol. 23 Issue 3, p6-6, May/June 2012 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Vegetarian or Anorexic? November 26, 1999 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Vegetarianism, November 26, 1999 Retrieved from the SJC Database on Nov. 19, 2012 Web M. D. Vitamin B12 Uses, Side Effects, Interactions, and Warnings 2005-2012 http//www. webmd. com/vitamins-supplements/ingredientmono-926-VITAMIN%20B12. aspx? activeIngredientId=926&activeIngredientName=VITAMIN%20B12

Louis Vuitton in Japan

1. What are the key victor factors of LV in Japan?Since Louis Vuitton entered the Japan market in 1968, it became the most popular extravagance note in Japan by having 28 percent share in Japans market. The key success of LV in Japan is mainly contributed by the appropriate balance in memory the brand globalized while localized at certain areas for the Nipponese. To achieve this outcome, the consistency in harvest-tide quality, fashion appeal and brand image were carefully controlled and ultimately the Japanese developed an obsession towards LV.Being a initiative sumptuousness brand having a long history, LV does not need to localize its brand image in order to be successful in Japan. What the Japanese consumers seek from LV is a European luxurious image and lifestyle which can enhance their status. Thus, LV personas the foreign consumer culture positioning as a European (or French) brand to market its products in Japan. In order to maintain its image, product quality is a b asic requirement for consumers to recognize the brands value.Therefore LV maintains lofty quality products and most of them were manufactured in France. In additional, the image of the brand is maintained by keeping up with the trends while enduring prestige of the brands culture. For advertising, as they understand the Japanese consumers, LV did not hire Japanese celebrities to be the spokesperson. They still use the international superstars like Jennifer Lopez and Madonna, top models like Naomi Campbell and Kate Moss to be the spokesperson in their advertisement. All these controls have emphasized LVs consistent high-end image for the Japanese consumers.Although LV remains globalization in Japanese market, it still has some areas that is localized and suit the Japanese culture. For instant, LVs classic Monogram Canvas conventionality was inspired by Japanese floral print and the collaboration with Japanese artist Takashi Murakami in designing the bag have let the patriotic Japan ese to recognized LV as they appreciate their own culture and support their own country in a large extent. Therefore, Japanese consumers are more than willing to accept the brand and have a positive attitude towards LV.2. What accounts for the devil tiered economy? Why are Japanese consumers (especially women) purchasing luxury goods during economically instable times?The two tiered economy is a global phenomenon which is similar to the idea of M-shaped society in Japan. It refers to the polarization of the economy in two tiers. The two tiered economy was shown in this case by the increasing number of demand for the luxury product while the income of the Japanese was decreasing and the unemployment prescribe is increasing. Globalization is the main factor contributed to the two tiered economy as it stimulate the strength and speed of competition in contrasting industries and also the modify of wealth.There are several reasons for Japanese consumers to purchase luxury goods duri ng economic downturn. The first reason is that some of the young Japanese women who are living with their parents were minded(p) money to spend. They are not directly affected by the economic conditions and therefore they are still affordable for the luxury goods. Also, some of the Japanese women whitethorn have no faith in the future and believe that they should concentrate on fulfilling their current need only. Some Japanese consumers even purchase luxury goods to maintain their identity and status in groups and social contact. If everyone in a particular group owned a LV good and you belong to that group, regular(prenominal) Japanese will definitely own one LV bag also.3. What stimulates such a high demand for LV in Japan? What puts Louis Vuitton everyplace its competitors in Japan?LV was demanded by a large amount of Japanese because it understands their consumers more. Japanese shoppers have a quest for perfection with their culture. LV providing high quality products which made it distinctive when comparing to its competitors thus fulfill the need of the Japanese consumers. In order to make sure the quality of the products, each product produced by LV must pass a rigorous control. They also have a perfect balance between mechanization and handmade. For the product design, not only the designer is responsible for this category. When the marketing team found that consumers have high demand for a certain product, they modified an existing bag and move it to production later on. It is clear that LV response to their consumers more and quicker.4. Was there any strategy undertaken by LV to enter the Japanese market?When entranceway the Japanese market initially, LV is hoping to tackle the problem of counterfeit goods in Asia region. Therefore LV has not changed its image or localized itself in different aspects so as to attract the Japanese consumers. However, it is also a kind of strategy that is appropriate for the Japanese consumers. As the Japanese con sumers thirst for a high-end European brand which is the image of what a luxury brand should be liked, LV entered the Japanese market successfully. Some examples included the globalization of the advertisements used and also the scathe in Japan was even higher than the one in Paris. In addition, LV stores are designed with sleek and modern interior design and come a landmark in Japan. Consumers will then feel more luxurious when shopping in the stores.5. What are the challenges facing LV? And how should LV promise them?The main challenge of LV is the problem of counterfeit goods, loss of lead designers and the balance between expansion and protection in its own brands exclusive features. Indeed, counterfeit good is already a global problem for all the luxury brands. In order to tackle this problem, LV should restrict the information outflow of the production of its products. For instant, LV already closed down a huge factory in Guangzhou. Also, LV should be aware of the after sa les agreement service for the consumers, especially the Japanese consumers. When the consumers realized the quality and also services worth the high price, they will be encouraged to buy the real products alternatively than the counterfeit one.For the problem of loss of lead designers, LV should train some young and talented designers (e.g. graduates from Central Saint Martins College of Art and Design where a surge of famous fashion designer graduated) to let them work for the brand and develop a deeper understanding in the brand. For the problem of balancing its expansion while keeping the brands own personality, LV is already doing a good job as it controls its own distribution network. Even when the economy is in its downturn, LV insisted not to mark down its product. All these have helped LV to protect its own image.

Leaders Creating Value in Organizations

leading in todays world has a vital role for organizations in achieving and maintaining long-term success, to create sustainable measure outs and to purify the quality of business. Without sober draw either activity is doomed to survive in changing environment. Only directful attractor with clear day-dream and desolation to diversified world can effectively achieve goals, creating and keeping up certain values.Actually, attractorship is some understanding people, and mainly about the process of acquiring people all pointing and acting in the same direction. It is about listening, and making a real connection with the followers. It implies unique vision, making strategic choices, and designing and change an organization to conduct business. (Leader Values) In short, leadership has evolved to the creation of a culture around a shared vision and value system homed on certain principles.Creating a vision that encompasses the ultimate goal of the organization gives directio n to the purpose, processes, and employees. Through communicating this vision, the leaders are able to tie in the vision to the work processes, constructing a solid structure to bring focus to the organizations goals. A clear vision creates an environment of support from lower watchfulness and as well as their subordinates.In other words, leadership can be defined as a way to influence others ideas. Values hold still for a leaders standards and what exactly a leader represents. Leadership has stood the test of time as a way to influence other actions, thoughts, and ideas. The primarily purpose of leadership is to create goals to follow and live by. Values play a central part of a leaders psychological makeup. Values are an classic component of the moral reasoning process. Values also serve to organize attitudes, which are general and enduring positive or negative feelings about more or less someone, object, or issue.Leaders value the relationships they hold with their co-worker s and employees. A leader sees his or her relationship with others as the window to how effective they are at leading. If they have good relations with others, then that reflects how they operate and who views them as valuable. Although many leaders can have the wrongful impression that they are the ones that make things happen and that is untrue. The realization that the leader does not know everything is an attribute that makes them a better leader. A leader that is humble creates an environment that is relaxed and warrants the creation of better work and products from other employees.Trust of the leader among employees becomes a major responsibility in the office when leading others. It is impossible to lead people who think that you are not trustworthy. A good leader knows that they must earn the trust of their co-workers rather than expecting it to be handed to them with their position within the office. Leader must also give full support to his employee base in times of prospe rity and ruin. Employees must have a sense of confidence in their leader when decisions are to be made and operational changes that affects them as a whole.Effective leader is also good listener and communicator. I think that employees find a grave difference between hearing and listening. hearing involves taking time to understand not only the problem but also the details surrounding the situation that is occurring. A good leader is polished through hearing the troubles of employees at a deeper and more personal level. Employees are conscientious that their leader take the time to know intimate details about them and this increases their loyalty and motivation to reach higher levels of productiveness.This relationship also improves the work environment and enables employees to commit to their jobs, the corporation, and to their leader. Appreciation is another value-creating activity and is an esteem-builder that is irreplaceable by any other means. It energizes people, and it mak es them want to exceed their goals and commit to a lasting relationship to a particular company. By creating a supportive atmosphere, it aids the overall productivity of the employees because they feel successful when the corporation succeeds.It is vital for leaders to conduct their work in an ethical manner to earn and maintain the confidence of team members, colleagues, employees, employers, clients and the national (Gray and Larson, 550). Leadership integrity must be firmly grounded in the companys values and integrated into individual employee values. Leaders must build a company culture based on its core values and supported by a storehouse of stories, by telling your people what the organization stands for, what it is stressful to achieve and what is in it for them. The changing world calls for leaders who will react openly to the introduction of new cultural identities and diversities and who will face ethical issues responsibly.Leadership comes from within us, in the sense that deeply held values and principles provide the road map for the way we lead, and the way other people respond. Whether the leader is a person of impeccable moral fiber, or quite disreputable, it is always their personal value system that sustains them in their quest. (Leader Values) First of all, we must realize, understand and communicate our own value systems, and must focus on balancing the interests and concerns of others, helped by understanding their value systems. This is a precondition to enable others to recognize, understand and then follow any leaders activity.In conclusion, it is clear to see how many difficult characteristics a leader must possess, making the importance of the leadership role irrefutable. Much similar sheep needing a shepherd, a group needs a leader to guide them in the right direction. In order to be classified as a leader, one must have a sense of drive, leadership motivation, integrity, self-confidence, and knowledge of the business. It is with these characteristics that a true leader can accomplish the ever-important aspiration of getting a group of people to work with each other towards a goal and create sustainable value in organization.References Leader Values. 4 Es in Short. Leader Values Website, 2004 Gray, Clifford F. Larson, Erik W. Project Management The Managerial Pr