Fresh Direct Business Intelligence

Case Summary FreshDirect is the largest online grocery firm in the New York market, and one of the largest in the country. With more than 250,000 guests ordering over 8,500 products every day, the company faced severe logistics and management decision making issues. To solve these issues, FreshDirect adopted a comprehensive try data base system from SAP which utilized a takings of business intelligence applications to track orders and customers. SAP AG is a German multinationalsoftwarecorporation that makesenterprise softwareto manage business operations and customer relations.Headquartered inWalldorf, Baden-Wurttemberg, with regional offices around the world, SAP is the market leader in enterprise application software. The companys best-known software products are its enterprise resource planning application (SAP ERP), its enterprise data warehouse solution SAP production line Warehouse (SAP BW), SAP BusinessObjects software, and most recently, Sybase mobile products and in-mem ory computing applianceSAP HANA. SAP is one of thelargest software companiesin the world. 1.How is it possible, as Braddock noted, to have a owing(p) debate of data but little tuition? How does the SAP data base and business intelligence component change this? Answer To have a great deal of data but little information is only possible when there is a lot of data but none of it is screen out or organized properly. If we distinguish between data and information then well see that Data is raw, unorganized facts that need to be processed. Data can be something simple and seemingly random and useless until it is organized.Whereas when data is processed, organized, structuredor presented in a given context so as to make it useful, it is called Information. FreshDirect has to deal with thousands of customers, their order, imparty time and place and the required human resource for the business to run. But this required huge amount of data collection in a very organized way, which they lacked. While the end goal was to deliver fresh food to thousands of customers everyday on schedule, the exact location of orders at any implication was not understood, or who was in charge of them.Mistakes were happening routinely, but there was no record of how orders were wretched through the logistics chain. Mr. Braddock knew that FreshDirect needed a system of constant feedback, a real-time database that would follow every step and misstep of distributively business day, so that minor gaffes could be resolved before they turned into unsound problems. SAP ERPis the corporationsEnterprise Resource Planning, an integ arrayd software solution that incorporates the key business functions of the organization.Enterprise resource planning(ERP) systems integrate internal and externalmanagement informationacross an entire organization, embracingfinance/accounting,manufacturing, sales and service,customer relationship management, etc. ERP systems automate this activity with an integr atedsoftwareapplication. The purpose of ERP is to facilitate the precipitate of information between all business functions inside the boundaries of the organization and manage the connections to outside stakeholders.Today, if a truck goes out 15 minutes late or if a container of jalapeno hummus is left off an order, the problem can be traced to its source. Also, the real-time data reports allow FreshDirect to shift its resources to areas of customer demand, beefing up expertness based on the popularity of delivery zones and time s scores, anticipating which products might sell out and stocking up on them in advance. Thus by using SAPs business intelligence software ERP FreshDirect changed their weakness into strength. . What is meant by visibility into the workflow and why is it grand to FreshDirects success? What are exception screens and how are they employ? Answer Business process is the set of activities that run the business. Business process visibility allows end users to gather business information to improve non-IT related issues, helps enable fast determination to see if business issues are truly IT-related, ensures that IT is aligned with the business and helps improve overall business efficiency.Business process visibility plays very important role in FreshDirects success. It is such type of business organization which required highly efficient workflow with rapid response ensuring best quality. It has to deliver fresh food to thousands of customers daily on a pre-fixed schedule and in different location. As there was no visibility of workflow before lots of mistakes were happening, the exact location of orders at any moment was not understood, or who was in charge of them.Mistakes were happening routinely, but there was no record of how orders were moving through the logistics chain. But after installing a business intelligence software FreshDirect ensured its visibility in business process. FreshDirect was profitable for the first time in 2008 . The key to profitability has been improving their execution of the initial concept. In recent years, they have introduced the following customer centric ideas 1 Produce Employed experts to rate the freshness of all produce and set prices accordingly.This reduces customer concerns about not being able to feel the product. 2 Packaging Eliminated the use of foam, and reduced the number of cardboard boxes by 1. 5 million in response to customer complaints. 3 Favorites Developed a customer relationship management system that tracks each customers past purchases, and presents them on-screen for re-ordering. Increased order size by 10%. 4 Recommender system Added a YMAL (You-Might-Also-Like) cross-selling tool, which recommends products that other customers purchased. Added 5% to total revenue.Now in control of its logistics, and with powerful business intelligence tools, FreshDirect increased customer loyalty and reduced its churn rate (the number of customers who leave the service). Cu rrently, 65% of its total customer base are repeat, loyal customers, whose average order size is over $100, and who contribute 80% of FreshDirect revenues. According to a recent SEC filing, in 2011 FreshDirect has increase $50 million in additional equity from outside investors. FreshDirect now has almost 2,000 employees, 250,000 customers, and has delivered more than 6,000,000 orders.

Use of Nature in Poetry

Poets implement many ways when they want to march on close tothing victimization poems. Poems are used as a means of passing ideas, information and expression of feelings. This has made the poets to use the natural things and images that people can relate with so that they can make these poems understandable. The most common forms of compose that are used by the poets are the figurative verbiage for example imagery and metaphors. In addition, the poets use the natural landscape in their attempt to explore the philosophical questions.Therefore, this essay volition explore the forms that have been used by the poets in writing poems using the natural landscape. The essay will be based on poems such as Stopping by Woods on a Snowy even by Robert Frost, Ode to the westward Wind by Shelley and Swan and Shadow by John Hollanders. The poets use different styles and techniques in writing poems. They employ varying styles of writing poems that include the styles of literature such as symbolism. This has necessitated the use of the natural landscape to pass the ideas for which the poem was intended.When the natural landscape is used in poetry, it necessitates a insane asylum of the mind through imagination. The lector of the poem will be in a position of deriving the significance of the poem from what he reads. This has been demonstrated by J. Hollander in his poem the Swan and Shadow. Hollander starts his poem with a description of the Dusk above the water hang the loud flies. This will give the reviewer a figurative image of what the poet meant because it relates to what is found in nature. The natural physical landscape is also used by the poets because it can be easily tie in with and therefore it is used as a simile.The similes are literary techniques used when we want to relate something with a nonher item with similar attributes. Therefore, it will be easier to understand the poems when the poets apply techniques that are familiar with the lecturer. T his presents the reason behind the poets using the natural landscape because the reader must have related with the nature. Shelley in his poem Ode to the atomic number 74 Wind has used similes in his poem. He states that, the leaves dead are driven interchangeable ghosts from an enchanter fleeing. He also states that, the winged seeds where they lie cold and low for each one like a corpse within its grueling. As observed from these examples, the poets will use these techniques to assist in easier interpretation of the poem. The poets also use metaphors when writing poems. Metaphors lift to the use of certain words to mean otherwise in the context of the poem. However, metaphors are sometimes hidden in the poem such that they require the reader to figure out their existence in the poem. This will be easy when the poet employs the physical environment that is well understood by the reader. In addition, metaphors will sanction the ideas that the poet wants to pass across.Metapho rs will therefore make it easier for the readers to interpret and understand the meaning that the poet intended to communicate. Shelley has used a metaphor in his poem where he states Pestilence-stricken multitudes. He states this to indicate to the reader that he is not exclusively addressing a pile of leaves. Therefore, this helps to understand the deeper meaning of the poem. He also states about the wintry bed, which is meant to pose his humour in the poem. Poets also use the landscape in writing poems because of the inspiration that they get from such places.This could be based on some retentiveness or the history of the place and therefore it inspires the writer of the poem. This could help the poet to pass some information that can be easily related with such a situation. Robert Frost in his poem Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening, writes about his experience in the wood in a snowy evening. He states that though the wood would protect him from the snow, he had to get hom e to sleep because it was getting late. The poet was indicating the obligations that he was supposed to perform though he could protect himself from the snow.The poet has also employed personification where he refers to the horse and states that his horse would find it queer when he stood by the woods where there was no farmhouse nearby. By stating the above, he gave the horse some human attributes. The poet has used nature to indicate that though he would have stayed in the woods to see as they are covered with snow, he had to fulfill his promises through carrying out his duties. The poets also use personification by referring to the natural landscape in showing some human attributes.Personification refers to the use of human attributes on non-humans such as animals. Such attributes includes beauty, ug filiationss and gentleness or ferocity. These attributes are reflected through the use of figurative language that represents the people. These include the metaphors and the similes. Therefore, the natural landscape will be used in comparing these attributes with those of the human beings. This is related with what the people understand that is found in the environment. The writer of the poems will use descriptive words that are given to the natural landscape that has been personified.This will help in showing the human attributes indirectly when the deeper meaning of the poem is derived. The three poems help to mirror poetic concerns over the transitory nature of bearing. In the poem Stopping by the woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost, the woods are described as dark and deep. He also states that it was the darkest evening of the year. This gives a picture of a place where there was no one living. Frost has also stated that the woods were located in a place where there was no farmhouse because though he knew the owner, he faild in the village.The poet is trying to show existence of some isolation. This is evident that the poems are not written in a dire ct mien but they present the reader with an opportunity to figure out what was the meaning of the poem. The poets have used poems to communicate some message about how people live in the society. The poems always have the literal meaning and the deeper meaning that requires a deeper understanding of what the poet tried to communicate. In addition, we observe that the speaker of the poem implies that he could be in the wrong for trespassing in someones land.He shows that he is out of order and therefore he is supposed to go to sleep in his place because it is already dark in the evening. The writer tried to show the obligations that people have in life and therefore they are supposed to be time conscious while doing their activities. Also, the poem could have a deeper meaning that implies a transition from one life to another. This occurs where the speaker states in the last line that he has miles to go before he sleeps. The sleep could mean death in this context. This poem shows ho w the poets employ the poetic techniques and styles to bring forth ideas about life to the reader.The poem Ode to the West Wind by Shelley also indicates the poetic techniques that are employed by the poets. The poem brings out the element of transition because he reveals his thoughts like the winged seeds are trapped. When the poet refers to the West Wind, he implies a driving force for transition in the human. Shelley has also implied the winter as not just the last phase of vegetation but also as a transition in the individual life, that includes civilization and religion. Therefore, the poet was symbolic when he referred to the West Wind.The West Wind is implied as carrying the dead thoughts in the individuals. Shelley was more concerned with the transitions that happen in peoples lives in his poem. Shelley uses the words winged seeds, which he likens with a feeling of being trapped. By reference to the seeds, it shows that even when death occurs, there will be new life that wil l grow out of the grave. The poet has also written about images of religion that help creates new life. It is evident from the poem that poems are just a shadow of what is happening in the society.This is because they will indicate the changes that occur in the lives of individuals. John Hollanders poem Swam and Shadow has various visual images that are used to increase the understanding of the reader of the poem. He uses figurative language such as describing the water as breaking up no being gathered. This makes the poem beautiful in that the reader is left to imagine about the startle of the wings when a mould wants to fly. The poem has created a transition of moods where sometimes it is sad and on other occasions, the mood of the poem is lovely.The poet implies the disappearance of the swan, which would imply their death when they fly. This therefore presents the sad tone of the poem. We also see that the poet has applied a technique where the whole poem is not punctuated. We j ust guess the starting of a sentence if there is a capital letter. This makes it hard to differentiate the thoughts of the poet. This style makes the poem unique and therefore it is kindle because of the prose form. This poem also illustrates transition because it describes the flies that are found in the dusk hanging above the water.However, the writer describes that their shadow will disappear and draw. The disappearance of the swan represents death, which marks a transition from one form of life to another. This has been described when the poem comes to end where the poet states that yes by then a swan will have gone yes out of mind. In conclusion, we observe that most poets will always use the natural environment when they want to communicate something. They will use the natural landscape and other creatures that are found in the environment. This is meant to assist the reader in the easier understanding of the poems.

Discrimination Against Homosexuals in the Military Essay

Since 1993 more than 14,500 service members were fired under the lawfulness of wear outt Ask, Dont separate (sldn. org). In 1950, President Harry S. signed the Uniform Code of Military Justice, which set up the discharge rules for transsexual(prenominal) service members. People wanting to serve their country were organism discriminated and discharged because of their sexuality. Then in 1982, Ronald Reagan proposed a defense directive that states Homosexuality is incompatible with forces service and people who engaged in homosexual acts or stated that they were homosexual or bisexual were discharged.In 1992, Bill Clinton, as a presidential candidate, promised to lift the ban. Finally in 1993, when Bill Clinton was elected president, he proposed a compromise that he named Dont Ask, Dont Tell. This law issued a defense directive that military machine applicants should non be able to be asked about their sexual orientation (Washington Post). Homosexuals being discriminated in the military confine grabbed the attention of people all around the world. The question on whether or not homosexuals should obtain the right to serve in the military was a hotly debated idea in politics for the past few years.Even after the airlift of Dont Ask Dont Tell, will our federation be ready to accept others? The research started with searching Homosexuals in the military. Then Dont Ask Dont Tell and personalised stories of gays in the military was found. Unfortunately, no books could be found on this topic, nevertheless articles from top newspapers became a valid choice. Documentaries and podcasts were also looked at. Good sources were easy to find because the topic was so contr everyplacesial in the US, so the news articles came in handy.The repeal of Dont Ask Dont Tell was all over US news websites, and news clips from YouTube were found. Last fall, a pentagon study was released that said a majority of the US forces, more than 70%, said that serving with homosexuals w ould have no negative effect on them. Forces fighting in Iraq and Afghanistan had a different response. 58% of combat marines said that they would prefer not to serve with homosexuals. Since the repeal in late September, the effect has been positive on quite a lot of people.The main people who are opposed to the repeal are the military chaplains. The majority of the 3,000 active chaplains are conservative Christians. A retired chaplain, named Brigadier General Douglas Lee, is one of the 66 retired chaplains that wrote a letter to President Obama, urging him to not go through with the repeal. In a video showing the effects (positive and negative) of the repeal, shows Brigadier General Douglas Lee talking about Dont ask, Dont Tell. He says, Homosexuality is one of a multitude of sins.Chaplains help people wrestle with the sins that bisect them and their lives. The problem with this repeal is that this particular sin is being legitimized as being normal and okay. The problem with the n on acceptance of the chaplains is that umteen and most conservative Christians believe that homosexuality, like all of the other sins in the bible, is a lifestyle choice (Pbs. org). According to another Pentagon Study, thirty-five other countries allow homosexuals to serve openly with no negative effect (Sldn.org).Consider two men, both(prenominal) wanting to serve their country, one is gay and one is straight. They get all of the same test scores, and pass, yet only the straight guy is let in, not because of anything else other than his sexuality. If the same circumstances had happened, instead with a man and a woman, it would be sexist. If one was white and the other was black, it would be racist. All of the victims of these situations would have defense under the law and could sue, except for the homosexual.The homosexual has no legal protection from the government (Library in a book Gay Rights). The repeal could be the first step to changing this. September 20th 2011, Obama stated, As of today, our armed forces will no longer lose the extraordinary skills and combat experience of so many gay and lesbian service members. And today, as Commander in Chief, I want those who were discharged under this law to know that your country deeply determine your service(UStoday. com).Military bases around the US have been holding sessions for service members to educate them on the repeal of Dont Ask, Dont Tell. They say, You are not expected to change your religious or moral beliefs, however you are obligated to treat all others with dignity and respect (Pbs. org). It seems as though that our society has been coping positively since the repeal. There are always going to be some people who will not stray from their views, but the percentages are going up and more and more people are willing to except homosexuals serving freely in the US.

A Couple Interview with Darlene and Mike Lumpkin Essay

A marri advance is the creation of a new family by speech to conducther devil distinct people from individual and real distinctly different oscilloscopes. The bringing together of two different people often can cause conflict. Merging families can athe likes of create a harmonious relationship of balance and teamwork if some(prenominal)(prenominal) of their differences and similarities compliment each(prenominal) other. After conducting an question with Darlene and Mike Lumpkin it became truly evident that theirs was a seemingly balanced and harmonious relationship. The oppugn asked questions about how things like their backgrounds, challenges together, boundaries, family interactions, and spirituality strike developed into a family and marriage relationship that successfully navigates through life together. The duad walked into the interview with a really happy demeanor, which seemed to set the tone for the remainder of our conversation. Their happiness clearly showed b y sitting very close to each other on the couch with their arms around each other. Mike sh atomic number 18d jokingly that he felt like he was in a rebounds office because of the blue couch.His lightheartedness helped keep things comfortable. The interview began by asking them approximately minute background information about their individual family upbringing and experiences. Out of respect to their time constraints they were each assumption a printed out copy of the interview schedule and asked to spend a few minutes reply the individual background questions. They then shared what they deemed relevant from their answers. After some discussion about background section, the interview progressed by going through each of the remaining questions. Mike Lumpkin is a 40-year-old male college potassium alum who is employed by a real estate company.He has one younger chum salmon and both parents are alive. His father is a pastor, which Mike shared, my father has been a huge influence throughout marriage, family and in the way I live. Mike described the majority of his family upbringing as stable, supportive and privileged. However, he valued to highlight a particularly challenging time during college when he lost his best friend to suicide. He explained, my faith got deeper through this experience because of all of the support of others. The importance of faith is similarly reflective in his answers to questions about spending his big time with church and family. Darlene Lumpkin is a 43-year-old college graduate, housewife who has eight siblings. She started by foreground the distinct differences between her and Mikes family and upbringing.Her father was divorced five times and was undiagnosed unless had a history of Manic Depression. This obviously affected her saying That is the reason I got married at thirty-one. Additionally she shared, Girls like to marry someone like their father and I definitely did not. She explained that all of her brothers had al so been diagnosed or un-diagnosed with Manic Depression and or substance abuse issues. She expressed that although she is very close to her family that it is fractured. At twenty she lost her stepfather to a sudden, unexpected heart attack. During mid-twenties her fractured family influenced a bout with depression where she want the help of a counselor. However, her answers on the sheet that she was given, indicated that her current outlook on life as very positive because of her relationship to Mike and their children. Mike and Darlenes relationship started firearm working for the same(p) company, the cope with met at a training event. Sharing about how they met brought up a point of tension.There was a hesitancy to share that Mike was living with another women when they first started dating. Darlene discovered this and there relationship was on and off. The tension in the room was awkward for a brief moment but did not determination because Mike then expressed that although it started rough and that they came from very different backgrounds, they were supposed to be together. After two to three years, the couple was married. Two years later they had Grace, currently age nine, and then Seth age seven. There explanation of deciding when to have kids was, We tried a dog, and it didnt work so we sentiment we would try kids. One key observation made surrounding this set of questions about their relationship was that although their backgrounds were different, their personalities authentically complimented each other to guide them through lifes challenges.Although throughout the interview the couple seemed very happy talking about their marriage relationship, they did express some times in life, that in ache of organism a challenge helped them grow closer. One such time occurred while working for the same company as store managers, their stores were down the street from each other causing them to be in direct competition. Additionally when Mike was laid off, Darlene found it difficult to interact with colleagues. Their families being brought together presented some of the greatest challenges, especially when they took in Darlenes brother, who has battled an alcohol addiction. When an incidence occurred of him drinking at home while watching their children, they dealt with some confrontational stress. More recently another incidence happened when Darlenes other brother attacked her personally. Mike and him got into some arguments but she chalked it up to his substance abuse and depression, saying, All this drinking and addiction glut has caused stress because Mike was not used to it.Considering how difficult some of the challenges were early on in their marriage, they did not seem to outweigh the strengths. Darlene said The biggest thing is Mike and I talk, weather it is comfortable or uneasy you know the important things that motivation to be talked about. Proper communication is vital to the success of a intelligent long lasting m arriage. Mike with Darlene concord saying To sum it up we compliment each others strengths and weaknesses well. Darlene cherished to also share that, We both have a really good sense of humor, we can joke at each other. She shared that this was how they got through the difficult family situations. Their solid communication, humor, and complimenting personalities, were obvious strengths to their relationship. Frequently during the interview they both expressed that their children dictate much of how they are point as a married couple and as a family.Family became even more of a priority because Darlene quit her very successful upper-management job in order to spend more time with their children. Mike expressed the importance of this, What it comes down to is her and I are responsible for this family we brought into this world. The only negative aspect of their relationship, specifically as in relation to boundaries was that they both agreed that marital intimacy had suffered. Acc ording to them this was one area of their marriage that could use some growth. Although not perpetually the case it is reported as being a common problem for married couples to have rock-bottom intimacy as a result of children. They both agreed that a way to combat this was being more intentional about the time they did have as a couple such as dates and anniversaries.Regardless of how much it was agreed that this was an area with a need for growth in their marriage, their boundaries seemed to be very healthy and clearly defined by their family as a whole. A reoccurring theme throughout the interview with Mike and Darlene was how much their spirituality influenced their marriage and family. Faith became particularly helpful during the difficulties with their families coming together. Mike I dont know that we would have been as strong, I dont know that we could have got through our situations without faith. They have intentionally included their Christian faith throughout their rel ationship as a foundation for how their family operates and leans in times of life challenges. A lot of how their family is guided is by their faith and rank to a United Methodist Church.Both shared that they enjoyed spending a great majority of their free time volunteering in church activities. Mike, Faith for us has been huge. When asked why they felt this was relevant, they expressed that their children are cared for, nurtured, and support in this environment. Darlene, Our kids love church, I feel like it has become a family or support for us, we get more back from it then we put in.They seemed to share about their relationship to their church as if it were an elongate family that could be leaned on for support when needed but would allow for others to lean on them too if need be. Darlene and Mike are a truly amazing couple. A marriage that seems so balanced in spite of the many life challenges, and personality differences that they encounter. Although they would not admit so, t heir marriage is a perfect commix of two complimentary individuals. Having clearly defined family boundaries, complimenting each others strengths and weaknesses, while being guided by and supported in Christian faith, they continue to navigate through life together.

Prison Abuse

Prison Abuse the Statesns all know that our prisons are the lowest frontier for the socially rejected criminals and violent offenders. Once they are convicted, prison is their new home. For which it can be five years or the rest of their lives until death. When the door closes behind them the rest of the world doesnt matter. It is inner(a) the prison that matters. Those of us who are outside the prison are unaware of what goes on in there, such(prenominal) as prisoners call. Violence within the Statess correctional facilities has become an increase problem in recent years.With the largest incarceration rate in the world, it is only expected that we face these problems. Unfortunately, it is the correctional staff face with these problems. With the rising of the prison population and the decline of the number of correctional staff, it is only undeniable that abandon, within the worlds largest imprisoned population, increases in the Statess prison systems. Prison violence is a real issue because people every year are convicted of many different crimes, some severe and some minor.Regardless of the crime committed, everyone in the prison and jail systems is vulnerable to prison violence. friendship has even labeled these criminals Animals regardless of the crimes they committed. While they are in prison they are treated as Animals. Prison violence includes the abuse of both prisoners and the guards. This is a crucial problem here in America and we are unaware of it happening in our prisons. All of the prison violence that goes on leads confidence tricks to be gravely injured or end up dying from the beat down they receive.There are several(prenominal) articles that are on violence in our prison system. One article by Dan Frosch informs us of an inmate that refuses to follow the orders given to him by the guards in a do prison. As a result of his impertinence they stripped him naked and tied him to a restraining chair for sixteen to twenty hours then relea sed him to his cell in which he collapsed and died. An autopsy showed the inmate that goes by the name Michael Valent died from a blood clot that blocked an arteria to his heart. This article featured in The Nation.Valent had died due to the fact that he was confined to the chair and could non travel any part of his person for those sixteen hours when he was restrained The chilling incident made study news not only because it happened to be videotaped but also because Valents family successfully sued the State Of Utah and forced it to stop using the device (Frosch). The guards who had done this to Michael Valent also had done the same to other inmates as well but they lived or the abuse was never recorded. It is likely that incidents like this have happened around America but never been reported or made public knowledge.In some cases the prisoners do not speak out about what is happening to them fearing the consequences from the guards or fellow inmates. Another incident of pris oner abuse was a thirty-seven year old inmate strangled a fellow inmate who is a former priest to death. He was given no hold dearion whatsoever. A former priest who was rank in prison for either a minor crime shared a cell with a prisoner who killed someone. The only logical question is whether the law enforce workforcet system inside these prisons or jails goes downhill erst the criminals are put behind bars?Should the incarcerated be punished severely by the men that agree over them? Do the guards have a right to use sheer force on these men who havent done anything particularly wrong inside prison? Why dont the guards prevent or stop other inmates from fighting amongst themselves. As we have seen the violence in Americas prisons has gone from bad to worse. There is no way to stop it. There needs to be a solution to this crisis that will not fail at all and will stay unhurt throughout the years that will not falter what so ever.A solution will protect inmates from the danger that lies within those walls. Works Citied Frosch, Dan. Exporting Americas Prison Problems. TheNation. com, May 12, 2004. Web. 12 Nov. 2009. http//www. thenation. com/ physician/20040524/frosch Seabrook, Norman. Prison Violence on the Rise. BNET. USA Today Magazine, 25 Sept. 2005. Web. November 17, 2009. http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1272/is_2724_134/ai_n15380394/pg_1 Chapman, Stephan. The Prisoners Dilemma. parvenue Republic 8 March, 1980, Print.

Free software Essay

The freedom to run the program, for any(prenominal) purpose (freedom 0). The freedom to study how the program works, and change it so it does your computing as you wish (freedom 1). advance to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your dwell (freedom 2). The freedom to distribute copies of your special versions to others (freedom 3). By doing this you can give the whole community a see to benefit from your changes. Access to the source code is a precondition for this You are free to (1)study it, (2)redistribute it, and (3) modify it. 2. why is Linux popular? wherefore is it popular in academia? Bell Labs offered it to educational institutions at nominal cost. The schools, in turn, uptaked it in their electronic computer science programs, ensuring that computer science students became familiar with it. Beca using up UNIX was such an advanced increase frame, the students became acclimated to a sophisticated programming e nvironment. As these students graduated and went into industry, they expected to work in a likewise advanced environment. As more(prenominal) of them worked their way up the ladder in the commercial world, the UNIX operating system found its way into industryThe source code for the operating system is readily available so that students can beneathstand more easily how wildebeest/Linux works and can modify the code further to understand its operation and change the way it works. 3. What are multiuser systems? Why are they successful? Sharing the computers power among legion(predicate) users and giving them the index to share data and programs are central features of the system. a multiuser operating system allows many masses to use all of the system resources almost simultaneously The use of costly resources can be maximized and the cost per user can beminimizedthe primary objectives of a multiuser operating system. 4. What is the Free Software Foundation/GNU? What is Linux? Which parts of the Linux operating system did each brook? Who else has helped build and refine this operating system? The Free Software Foundation (www. fsf. org) is the principal organizational patronage of the GNU Project. GNU developed many of the tools, including the C compiler, that are part of the GNU/Linux direct organization Linux is the name of an operating system aggregate developed by Linus Torvalds and expanded and improved by thousands of pot on the Internet.Torvaldss kernel and GNUs tools work together as the GNU/Linux Operating System 5. In which language is Linux pen? What does the language have to do with the success of Linux? 95% is written in C. Because Linux is portable, it can be adapted (ported) to different machines and can meet special requirements. For example, Linux is used in embedded computers, such as the ones found in cellphones, PDAs, and the cable boxes on top of many 10 Chapter 1 Welcome to Linux and Mac OS X TVs. The file structure takes full advantage of large, prompt hard disks.Equally important, Linux was originally designed as a multiuser operating systemit was not modified to serve several users as an afterthought. Sharing the computers power among many users and giving them the ability to share data and programs are central features of the system 6. What is a utility program? otften reffered to as commands These utilities perpetrate functions that are universally required by users. The sort utility, for example, puts lists (or groups of lists) in alphabetical or numerical nine and can be used to sort lists by part number, last name, city, ZIP code, telephone number, age, size, cost, and so forth.A utility (program), sometimes referred to as a command, is a program that performs a task that is a great deal related to the operating system. A utility is simpler than an application program although there is no clear personal credit line separating the two 7. What is a baffle? How does it work with the kernel? Wi th the user? In a textual environment, the shellthe command interpreteracts as an interface between you and the operating system. its the link between user and kernal to attest it what to do. or view what the kernal is doing. its the command line interface that accepts input from the user.8. How can you use utility programs and a shell to create your own applications? Write a shell script, also called a shell program, or a batch file under DOS. A shell script is one or more command lines contained in a file. Make the file executable and give the name of the file as a command The shell executes the commands in the file, as though you had typed each command individually 9. Why is the Linux filesystem referred to as hierarchical? The Linux filesystem provides a structure whereby files are arranged under directories, which are like folders or boxes.Each directory has a name and can hold other files and directories. Directories, in turn, are arranged under other directories, and so fort h, in a treelike organization. This structure helps users keep track of large numbers racket of files by grouping related files in directories. Each user has one primary directory and as many subdirectories as required 10. What is the difference between a multiprocessor and a multiprocessing system? multi processor is a computer that has more than one processor (processing units) andmultiprocessing system is the fact that it can process fivefold tasks at the same time Multiprocessing is the use of more than one CPU in a computer system 11. Give an example of when you would want to use a multiprocessing system. Multiprocessing is the use of more than one CPU in a computer system so when you have more than one CPU you can take advantage of it. Multiprocessing sometimes refers to the execution of multiple concurrent software processes in a system as opposed to a single process at any one instant 12. Approximately how many people wrote Linux?Why is this project unique? The Linux kerne l was developed by Finnish undergraduate student Linus Torvalds The Linux operating system, which was developed through the cooperation of many, many people around the world, is a product of the Internet and is a free 13. What are the key terms of the GNU General Public License? The GPL says you have the right to copy, modify, and redistribute the code covered by the symmetry When you redistribute the code, however, you must also distribute the same indorse with the code, thereby making the code and the license inseparable.

Scarce resource article

breast feeding deficit An Issue of Scarce ResourceThe present nursing short sequence is a serious issue which poses a historical flagellum to the future of the wellness treat system especially on patients. Research published last category by ANA predicts that the US will have a dearth of 1 million nurses by 2020 (http//bhpr.hrsa.gov/healthworkforce/reports/behindrnprojections/4.htm), a bottleneck at US nursing schools caused more than 42 000 qualified applicants to be turned aside in 2006-2007 (p.1623).Nursing experts attributed this shortage to five influencing f procedureors. First, it is mainly due to the simultaneous graying of the nurse workforce or the age or retirement of older nurses. Second, many a(prenominal) be leaving the handicraft due to overworked and some sluice migrated to other countries in search for high paying ones. Third, the number (especially the younger generations) entering the nursing profession continues to decline as they see the escape of st ability and thus tend to choose other sh arers (American Nurses Association, 2003).Fourth, US nursing schools face a growing faculty shortage, schools lack the physical facilities, too few clinical training placements, and limited fund all of these have not been able to keep pace with the take aim. Fifth, patch it is easy to blame the government for this shortage due to lack of funding for nursing programs, however, equally most-valuable is career burn out. It cant be denied that nursing is one among the many jobs that has a stressful work environment. So, the job itself is responsible for this shortage.Further, CareerJournal.com has surveyed several students who mentioned that the best careers do not include nursing. Some of the respondents mentioned that the lack of funding and facilities to train new nurses, poor working conditions in hospitals and poor salary scale experience the nursing profession not a compensatory career.What makes this issue even worse is that researc h studies have shew the shortage is already having a proven, adverse effect on the ability to demonstrate fictitious character healthcare in the US. One important negative effect on patient healthcare is the change magnitude guess of patient deaths as simply there are not enough nurses to safely care for patients. some other is the make upd medical errors arising from many complications because of this shortage. All of this equates to the inadequacy to meet the future health care necessitate of Americans.Because of all these, patients condom is threatened and health care quality is deteriorating. This is because nurses are greatly responsible for the majority of patient care, as they perform the vital functions in a patients confinement in the hospital and thus providing more face to face services than doctors. But we rent to ensure that there are enough registered nurses to meet future demands. What makes this issue even worse is that research studies have found the short age is already having a proven, adverse effect on the ability to deliver quality healthcare in the US.One important negative effect on patient healthcare is the sum upd risk of patient deaths as simply there are not enough nurses to safely care for patients. Another is the increased medical errors arising from many complications because of this shortage. All of this equates to the inadequacy to meet the future health care needs of Americans.To address this shortage, solutions must be developed in several areas, such as in education, healthcare deliver systems, policy and regulations, and image. This shortage is not solely nursings issue and requires a collaborative lather among nursing leaders in practice and education, health care executives, government, and the media. Thus, the American government, nursing agencies, and other concern groups have taken some steps to alleviate the nursing shortage such as to increase the number of admissions to theAmerican nursing education and i mproving working environment to retain nurses. On the other hand, they are pushing for budget changes which they hope to address the lack of funding issue of the nursing program. Research has shown that quality of workplace environment and job satisfaction is correlated, which impacts on quality of care and patient outcomes. ANA (2003) urge governments to act swiftly to develop a national health human imagination strategy.But there are many barriers to the resolutions as addressing the shortage is really a difficult task. For one, the government itself lack a substantive trueness to the health of Americans and that these barriers has increased due to the different views between policy making and health human resource planning. But if this issue has to be resolved, all concerned groups nurses, hospitals, clinics, and the government should work hand in hand. umteen concerned groups believed that an integrated health human resource strategy that includes the expeditious licensure and acceptance of those who wish to emigrate or who already reside in the different states of the US is needed to resolve the nursing shortage.Nurses are vital in the health care system, thus the government, nursing associations, employers, educators, and others have collaborated to address the nursing shortage issue. Nursing has been burdened with societal expectations of selflessness and devotion. Thus, a high ethical and legal standard should be met by all American nurses.The nursing shortage carries with it a lot of implications. Foremost, this has affected the quality and safety of the entire American health care system as nothing is more critical to the health and well being of Americans than safe, sound, and available health care. Thus, the governments, professional associations, educators, administrators and employers have accelerated their efforts to reduce the potential threat of this shortage and thus minimize the potential public risk. Hence, nursing education would flouris h and nursing graduates would increase in number. With this, nursing graduates will have a positive job outlook as their demand is high. With these efforts, the nursing shortage would come to an end and nurses could provide the Americans with a safe and high quality health care.ReferencesAmerican Medical Association (2007). No End in Sight to Nursing Shortage Bottleneck atNursing Schools a Key Factor. Vol 298, No. 14. AvailableAmerican Nurses Association. (2003). Planning for the Future Nursing Human ResourceProjections. Available http//www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic14/tpc14_4.htmNevidjon, B., Erickson, J. (January 31, 2001) The Nursing Shortage Solutions for the Shortand Long Term Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. 6, No. 1, Manuscript 4.Available http//www.nursingworld.org/ojin/topic14/tpc14_4.htm